BREAKING THE CYCLE OF RADICALIZATION:A STUDY ON THE REINTEGRATION PROCESS OF FORMER TERRORIST PRISONERS IN SOLO REGION

INDAH GITANINGRUM, Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Ahnaf

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER AGAMA DAN LINTAS BUDAYA

Kepulangan mantan narapidana teroris masih menjadi masalah dalam program deradikalisasi nasional. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang proses deradikalisasi saat dan setelah mereka dipenjara. Dalam kajian kontra-radikalisasi, tahapan deradikalisasi yang belum tuntas, kurangnya alat ukur, masyarakat yang belum siap, terlalu fokus pada fase disengagement, dan keterbatasan kerangka dalam isu terkait dianggap sebagai kendala dalam proses reintegrasi. Gagasan tersebut menyebabkan para mantan narapidana teroris kesulitan untuk menyesuaikan diri kembali di komunitas mereka. Selain itu, masyarakat juga merasakan dilema dengan munculnya kembali pemikiran radikal mantan teroris yang dapat mengancam keamanan mereka. Pada akhirnya, perlakuan sosial akan mempengaruhi komitmen dan kembalinya mantan narapidana teroris ke radikalisme. Siklus radikalisasi terjadi ketika seseorang telah melepaskan diri dari kelompok radikal tetapi kemudian bergabung kembali dengan kelompok atau tindakan yang sama. Dalam proses upaya kontra radikalisme, pemutusan siklus radikalisme dapat dianalisis berdasarkan beberapa kisah mantan napi teroris di wilayah Solo. Setelah dibebaskan, mereka dan keluarga mengalami keadaan pengangguran, stigmatisasi, pengucilan, masalah kepercayaan, keterampilan terbatas, dan ketidakstabilan keuangan. Mereka menyusun strategi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dan menciptakan pilihan alternatif seperti mendirikan organisasi, memberdayakan masyarakat, dan mendekati tetangga secara bertahap. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji proses reintegrasi mantan narapidana teroris di wilayah Solo dalam empat aspek; sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan ideologi. Wilayah Solo dipilih karena memiliki keterkaitan yang erat dengan pertumbuhan radikalisme agama dan menjadi tolak ukur penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan empat mantan narapidana teroris yang tinggal di wilayah Solo. Penulis juga mewawancarai Balai Pemasyarakatan Klaten sebagai penanggung jawab reintegrasi, pimpinan Yayasan Gema Salam, dan anggota Polri yang bekerja sebagai penasehat mantan narapidana teroris.

The return of former terrorist prisoners remains a problem on the national deradicalization program. It raises a question about the deradicalization process during and after their imprisonment time. In the study of counter-radicalization, the unfinished deradicalization stages, lack of measurement device, unprepared community, over-focus on disengagement phase, and limited framework in related issues are considered as obstacles in the reintegration process. The notions are causing difficulties for the former terrorist prisoners to re-adjust in their communities. Besides, society also perceives a dilemma in the re-emergence of ex-terrorists radical thinking that could be threatening their securities. In the end, social treatment would influence the recommitment and re-engagement of former terrorist prisoners to radicalism. The cycle of radicalization occurs when someone has been disengaged from the radical group but then rejoin the same group or actions. In the process of counter-radicalism effort, breaking the cycle of radicalism could be analyzed based on several former terrorist prisoner's stories in the Solo region. After releasement, they and family experienced unemployment circumstances, stigmatization, exclusion, trust issue, limited skill, and financial instability. They compose strategies to overcome those issues and create alternative options such as establishing an organization, empowering society, and approaching the neighbor gradually. Hence, this research examines the reintegration process of former terrorist prisoners in the Solo region in four aspects: social, economic, political, and ideological. The Solo region is selected because it has a close relationship with religious radicalism growth and becomes a benchmark of counter-radicalism in Indonesia. The collecting data method uses an in-depth interview with four former terrorist prisoners living in the Solo region. Also, the author had interviewed the Klaten Correctional Center (Balai Pemasyarakatan) as the responsible institution of reintegration, the leader of Yayasan Gema Salam, and National Police officers who are working as former terrorist prisoner's advisors.

Kata Kunci : deradicalization, the cycle of radicalism, reintegration, former terrorist prisoners, solo region