SELF EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA

Weidemann, Klara Neema, Bayu Sutikno, S.E., Cand.Merc., Ph.D.

2021 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen

Pandemi Covid-19 membawa perubahan besar di dunia kerja. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa jumlah usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UKM) di seluruh dunia meningkat selama krisis. Di Indonesia, sektor UKM memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar terhadap perekonomian pertumbuhan dan menyumbang 97 persen dari pekerjaan rumah tangga (Wirjawan, 2020). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengembangan kewirausahaan dan usaha kecil yayasan selama pandemi global. Ini menjelaskan wirausaha sebagai kelangsungan hidup strategi selama krisis Covid-19, mengevaluasi strategi mana yang diterapkan, apa motivasi ada untuk memulai bisnis baru dan latar belakang yang dimiliki pendiri. Dengan wawancara kualitatif, tulisan ini memberikan konteks pada fenomena baru.Diambil dari literatur teoretis internasional yang mapan dan relevan, studi ini model penelitian dibangun di atas kerangka model penelitian kewirausahaan, seperti: sebagai model pertumbuhan ekonomi. Mempersempit Indonesia dan sektor UMKM, data empiris dikumpulkan dari 6 wawancara online mendalam. Hubungan antara variabel dalam transkrip wawancara secara sistematis diperiksa menerapkan konten model analisis. Studi kualitatif sampai pada beberapa kesimpulan. Wirausaha tren dapat diidentifikasi, seperti motivasi pemilik bisnis untuk memulai bisnis selama pandemi, tantangan utama yang mereka hadapi, strategi pendirian populer, latar belakang individu dan rencana ketahanan bisnis. Selanjutnya, hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kewirausahaan selama pandemi Covid-19 berdampak positif pada pekerjaan penciptaan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa didorong oleh peluang kewirausahaan tampaknya menjadi reaksi terhadap krisis global.

The Covid-19 pandemic led to substantial change in the working world. Previous research suggests that the number of micro, small and medium enterprises (SME) around the world rose during the crisis. In Indonesia, the SME sector contributes substantially to economic growth and accounts for 97 percent of domestic employment (Wirjawan, 2020). This research aims to explore the development of entrepreneurship and small business foundation during the global pandemic. It sheds light on self-employment as a survival strategy during the Covid-19 crisis, evaluates which strategies are applied, what motivations exist to start a new business and which backgrounds founders have. With qualitative interviews, this paper gives context to a new phenomenon.Drawn from international theoretical established and relevant literature, this study research model was built upon the framework of entrepreneurial research models, such as the economic growth model. Narrowing it down on Indonesia and the UMKM sector, empirical data was gathered from 6 in-depth online interviews. The relationships between variables in the interview transcripts were systematically examined applying a content analysis model. The qualitative study comes to several conclusions. Entrepreneurial trends could be identified, such as the motivations of business owners to start their business during the pandemic, the top challenges they faced, popular founding strategies, individual backgrounds and business resilience plans. Furthermore, the study results indicate that entrepreneurship during the Covid-19 pandemic has a positive impact on job creation and economic growth. In addition, it was found that opportunity driven entrepreneurship seems to be a reaction to a global crisis.

Kata Kunci : Impact of Covid-19 on Businesses, Business Reactions, Entrepreneurship and Self Employment, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises