Distribusi dan Keanekaragaman Burung Diurnal pada Berbagai Zona di Hutan Adat Wonosadi Gunungkidul

MICHAEL JOVIAN MOEI, Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Hutan adat adalah kolaborasi antara peraturan pemerintah dan peraturan masyarakat daerah setempat. Umumnya hutan adat memiliki aturan khusus dan pengawasan yang lebih ketat dibanding hutan pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan distribusi dan keanekaragaman burung diurnal terhadap berbagai jenis lahan beserta hubungan antara tutupan lahan suatu daerah dan habitat burung diurnal di Hutan Adat Wonosadi. Komunitas burung diurnal dikumpulkan mulai November 2020 hingga April 2021 pada area Hutan Inti, Taman Kehati dan Lahan Masyarakat di Hutan Adat Wonosadi yang terletak di Kalurahan Beji, Gunungkidul. Adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara point count method. Selama pengumpulan data ditemukan sebanyak 25 jenis burung dari 14 famili yang berbeda yang tersebar hampir merata pada tiga zona yang berbeda (E = 0.90). Hutan Inti memiliki keanekaragaman paling sedikit (H` =2.57) diantara tiga zona dan lahan masyarakat memiliki keanekaragaman paling tinggi ( H` = 2.71) namun keseluruhan diversitas spesies di Hutan Adat Wonosadi masih termasuk menengah apabila dibandingkan dengan Hutan seperti Taunsa Wildlife Sanctuary. Sumber pakan dan habitat melalui vegetasi merupakan faktor utama distribusi burung diurnal yang tersebar mayoritas mengelompok di Hutan Adat Wonosadi. Distribusi burung diurnal di Hutan Adat Wonosadi mayoritas tersebar mengelompok namun pada Functional Feeding Group Carnivora-Raptor dan spesies Aethopyga mysticalis memiliki pola persebaran seragam dan pada spesies Psilopogon javensis dan Orthotomus ruficeps memiliki pola persebaran acak.

Customary forest is a collaboration between government regulations and local community regulations. Usually they have special and stricter regulation due to local custom. This research aims to study the relationship between distribution and diversity of diurnal birds on various land cover and its relationship with the habitat preference of diurnal birds in Wonosadi Customary Forest. The diurnal bird sample was collected from November 2020 to April 2021 in the Core Forest, Kehati Park and Community Land area in Wonosadi Customary Forest located in Beji Village, Gunungkidul. The data were collected using point count method. During data collection, 25 species of birds from 14 families were gathered and almost evenly distributed throughout the three area (E= 90). Core forest has the least diversity (H` = 2.57) among the three different zones and Community Land has the highest diversity (H` = 2.71) but the overall species diversity in Wonosadi Customary Forest is still moderate when compared to other forest such as Taunsa Wildlife Sanctuary. Food Resource and habitat through vegetation is the main factor of the clumped distribution of diurnal birds in the Wonosadi Customary Forest. The distribution of diurnal birds in the Wonosadi Customary Forest were distributed clumped, while the Carnivora-Raptor Functional Feeding Group and Aethopyga mysticalis species have a uniform distribution pattern as well as Psilopogon javensis and Orthotomus ruficeps species have a random distribution pattern

Kata Kunci : burung diurnal, distribusi, Gunungkidul, hutan wonosadi, preferensi habitat