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HUBUNGAN ANTARA SELF EFFICACY DAN PERCEIVED BARRIERS DALAM PERILAKU MENJAGA KESEHATAN GIGI PADA ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES PADA ANAK USIA PRA SEKOLAH DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

FANIA CHAIRUNISA, Dr. Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, M.A.; Luthfi Azizatunnisa' S.Ked., M.P.H

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar belakang: Karies gigi pada anak usia pra sekolah atau dikenal sebagai early childhood caries (ECC) masih banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan survei nasional Riskesdas tahun 2018, tingkat karies gigi anak usia pra sekolah sebesar 90,2% dan sebagian besar masih belum tertangani. Peran orang tua, khususnya ibu, sangat penting dan berpengaruh terhadap status kesehatan gigi anak-anak. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara self efficacy dan perceived barriers ibu dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak usia pra sekolah. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional yang melibatkan 119 pasang orang tua, dalam hal ini adalah ibu, dan anak usia 2-6 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Yogyakarta dengan teknik sampling cluster random sampling. Data variabel independen diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner online terkait self-efficacy dan perceived barriers. Data status kesehatan gigi anak dikumpulkan menggunakan metode teledentistry, yaitu orang tua diminta mengambil foto rongga mulut anak dan mengirimkan hasil foto kepada peneliti. Selanjutnya, peneliti menilai indeks karies gigi decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) berdasarkan hasil foto. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis korelasi Spearman dan analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan software statistik SPSS. Hasil: uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara self efficacy (r = -0,107; nilai p = 0,248) maupun perceived barriers (r = 0,108; nilai p = 0,240) dengan status karies gigi anak. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda untuk kedua variabel independen juga menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan (R square = 0,021; nilai p = 0,284). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara self efficacy dan perceived barriers ibu dengan status karies gigi pada anak usia pra sekolah baik secara simultan maupun terpisah. Dalam merencanakan intervensi program kesehatan gigi anak perlu mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor lain yang berasal dari orang tua maupun anak agar capaian program dapat maksimal.

Background: Dental caries in preschool children or known as early childhood caries (ECC) is commonly found in Indonesia. Based on the Riskesdas survey in 2018, the dental caries rate of preschoolers was 90.2% and most of them were not treated well. The role of parents, especially mothers, is very important and influences the dental health status of children. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and perceived barriers in maintaining children's dental and oral health and the incidence of dental caries in pre-school age children. Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design, involving 119 pairs of mother and children aged 2-6 years. The study was conducted in the city of Yogyakarta using cluster random sampling technique. The independent variable data was obtained using an online questionnaire related to self-efficacy and perceived barriers. Data on the dental health status of children were collected using the teledentistry method, in which parents were asked to take photos of the child's oral cavity and send the photos to the researcher. We assessed the caries index of decayed, missed, filled teeth (dmft) based on the photos. Data analysis used in this research is Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS statistical software. Results: Spearman correlation test showed an insignificant relationship between self-efficacy (r = -0.107; p value = 0.248) and perceived barriers (r = 0.108; p value = 0.240) and the dental caries status of children. The results of multiple linear regression analysis for the two independent variables also showed insignificant results (R square = 0.021; p value = 0.284). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and perceived barriers with dental caries status in pre-school children, either simultaneously or separately. In planning the intervention of a child's dental health program, it is necessary to consider other factors originating from parents and children so that program achievements can be maximized.

Kata Kunci : peran orang tua, self efficacy, perceived barriers, early childhood caries

  1. S2-2021-448463-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2021-448463-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2021-448463-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2021-448463-title.pdf