Induksi Apoptosis Ekstrak Daun Gaharu Gyninops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke Terhadap Ekspresi Caspase-3 Sel Kanker Payudara T47D

DHARMA, Dr. Tri Rini Nuringtyas, M.Sc.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Pengobatan kanker dengan kemoterapi menggunakan obat sintesis dapat menghambat pertumbuhan yang cepat, mencegah penyebaran dan menghancurkan sel kanker, tetapi pengobatan kemoterapi memiliki efek samping yang berdampak pada fisik dan kualitas hidup pasien serta biaya yang mahal. Gaharu (G. versteegii) merupakan tumbuhan obat herbal yang mulai diminati masyarakat sebagai alternatif pengobatan kanker. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan Fadhilah (2016) menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform daun gaharu memiliki sifat sitotoksik dengan nilai IC50 166,73 ug/ml terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Ekstrak tersebut mengandung senyawa asam lemak dan terpenoid yang dapat menginduksi apoptosis sel kanker payudara T47D. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh ekstrak kloroform daun gaharu terhadap ekspresi caspase-3 yang berperan pada apoptosis sel T47D telah dilakukan. Sel T47D diberi perlakuan ekstrak daun gaharu, doxorubicin-HCl dan kontrol sel selama 24 jam. Ekspresi gen relatif caspase-3 diuji dengan metode RT-qPCR. Hasil ekspresi gen relatif caspase-3 perlakuan ekstrak daun gaharu meningkat dan berbeda nyata terhadpa kontrol sel membuktikan terinduksinya apoptosis sel T47D. Ekspresi tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak konsentrasi 333,46 ug/ml mengindikasikan aktivitas sitotoksik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun gaharu G. versteegii mampu meningkatkan ekspresi gen caspase-3 sel T47D dan berpotensi sebagai obat herbal alternatif kanker.

Cancer treatment with chemotherapy using synthetic drugs able to inhibit the cancer growth, prevent metastasis and kill the cancer cells, but chemotherapy treatment comes with side effects to patient's physical condition and quality of life. Besides the medical side effects, the treatment also highly expensive. Agarwood (G. versteegii) is a traditional medical plants that has been used by local people as an alternative medicine for cancer. According to previous study by Fadhilah (2016), chloroform extract of agarwood leaves showed cytotosic activity to human breast cancer cell line T47D with IC50 166.73 ug/ml. The chloroform extract contained fatty acids and terpenoid compound that are able to induce the apoptosis of T47D cancer cell. The research purpose was to analyze the chloroform extract's effects on caspase-3 expression from T47D cancer cell. T47D cancer cell were treated with chloroform extract, doxorubicin-HCl and control treatment for 24 hours. Relative gene expression of caspaase-3 was evaluated with RT-qPCR. The result showed that relative gene expression of caspase-3, compared to control treatment, was upregulated significantly by the extract, thus indicating apoptosis induction. The highest relative gene expression was affected by extract group with 333,46 ug/ml concentration, thus indicating high cytotoxic activities. In conclusion, the chloroform extract of agarwood leaves can increase the caspase-3 expression of T47D breast cancer cell and has a potential as alternative herbal medicine for breast cancer.

Kata Kunci : Gaharu, Gyrinops versteegii, sel T47D, caspase, apoptosis