Karakter Morfometrik dan Meristik Ikan Layur (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758) di Pantai Utara Kabupaten Pati, Demak, dan Cirebon

ADHIMAS FEBRI ARYANTOJATI, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Layur merupakan salah satu sumberdaya perikanan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi dan menjadi komoditas ekspor. Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa jenis ikan layur, namun demikian sebaran tiap spesies belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan karakter morfometri dan meristik ikan layur (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758) di Pantai Utara Kabupaten Pati, Demak, dan Cirebon. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2020. Sampel ikan layur diambil dari hasil tangkapan nelayan di daerah Pati, Demak dan Cirebon. Identifikasi secara morfologi dilakukan dengan pengukuran 22 karakter morfometrik dan 4 karakter meristik. Analisis data morfometrik dilakukan dengan Principal Component Analysis dan Discriminant Analysis, sedangkan data meristik dibandingkan dengan pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan layur di Laut Pati, Demak, dan Cirebon berbentuk panjang pipih, berwarna perak dan memiliki tonjolan di atas kepala (sagittal crest), dengan rumus sirip D.III.125-134, P.I.10, A.I.98-104. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi, spesies ikan layur yang ditemukan adalah Trichiurus lepturus. Variasi morfologi paling besar terdapat pada snouth length dan caudal penducle. Hasil analisis PCA dan scattergram menunjukkan bahwa T. lepturus di Perairan Pati dan Cirebon saling berhubungan dekat, sedangkan T. lepturus di Perairan Demak membentuk kelompok populasi yang terpisah dari spesies T. lepturus di Perairan Pati dan Cirebon, akan tetapi masih dalam satu spesies yang sama.

Hairtails are economically important fisheries resources and have become an export commodity. In Indonesia, there were several species of hairtail; however, the distribution of each species was not yet certainly known. This study aimed to identify and determine the morphometric and meristic characterization of hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758) at the Northern Coast of Pati, Demak, and Cirebon Regency. This research was conducted from August to November 2020. Fish samples were taken from fishermen's catches in the Pati, Demak, and Cirebon waters. Each sample was identified, measured on 22 morphometric and four meristic characters. Morphometric data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis, while the meristic data were compared to the available references. The results showed that the hairtail caught in the Pati, Demak, and Cirebon Seas were long, flat, silvery in color, and had a sagittal crest, with the fin formula was D.III.125-134, P.I.10, and A.I.98-104. Based on the morphological characters, the fish was identified as Trichiurus lepturus. The greatest morphological variation was found in the snout length and caudal peduncle. The PCA and scattergram analysis showed that T. lepturus from Pati and Cirebon waters were closely related. T. lepturus in Demak waters formed a separate population group from T. lepturus species in Pati and Cirebon waters, however still in the same species.

Kata Kunci : demersal, distribusi, identifikasi, Trichiuridae, Laut Jawa