Pengetahuan Perawat di Rumah Sakit tentang Penyandang Disabilitas

AISYAH IFFAH ULAYYA, Sri Mulyani, S.Kep.Ns.MNg; Uki Noviana, S.Kep., Ns., M.NSc., Ph.D

2021 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang disabilitas merupakan persoalan utama dalam pendekatan terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Perawat kurang memiliki pengetahuan terkait kebutuhan dan masalah perawatan penyandang disabilitas. Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang perbedaan spesifik penyandang disabilitas dapat menimbulkan kesenjangan kesehatan dan kondisi sekunder pada penyandang disabilitas. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan perawat di rumah sakit tentang penyandang disabilitas dan perbedaan skor pengetahuan berdasarkan karakteristik demografi perawat. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian 386 perawat RSUP dr. Sardjito dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Data diambil pada bulan Januari-Februari 2021 menggunakan Google Form. Peneliti menggunakan kuesioner data demografi dan kuesioner pengetahuan SAQ-K (Self-Administered Questionnaire about Knowledge [Knowledge of Health care Professionals about Person with Disabilities] dengan nilai minimum 0 dan nilai maksimum 23. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat berupa mean, standard deviation, median, minimum-maksimum, frekuensi, dan persentase serta bivariat menggunakan uji statistik non parametrik, yaitu Mann-Whitney dan Kruskall Wallis test. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini diperoleh median skor pengetahuan senilai 19,00 (min-max = 5,00-23,00). Pengetahuan perawat secara signifikan berhubungan dengan pengalaman merawat (p value = ,006). Mayoritas perawat tidak mengetahui bahwa kondisi disabilitas dapat membuat seseorang mengalami diskriminasi. Perawat juga tidak mengetahui bahwa penyandang disabilitas intelektual dapat mengurus harta benda dan mengatur kehidupannya sendiri. Sebagian besar perawat tidak mengetahui pendekatan antardisiplin dalam mengelola anak-anak dengan disabilitas. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan perawat tentang penyandang disabilitas sudah baik. Pada penelitian ini, terdapat perbedaan skor pengetahuan secara signifikan pada pengalaman merawat, sehingga program peningkatan pengetahuan dan pengalaman merawat penyandang disabilitas dapat disarankan.

Background: Lack of knowledge about disability is a major problem in the approach to persons with disabilities (PwDs). Nurses lack knowledge regarding the needs and problems of care for PwDs. Nurses still have the wrong concept and pessimistic view of PwDs. Lack of knowledge about the specific differences of PwDs can lead to health disparities and secondary conditions for PwDs. Research Objectives: To describe the knowledge of nurses in hospitals about PwDs and to determine differences in knowledge scores based on the demographic characteristics of nurses. Methods: A quantitative research with cross-sectional design. The subjects of this research are 386 nurses working at RSUP dr. Sardjito using consecutive sampling technique. Data are taken from Januari to February 2021 through Google Form. The researcher uses demographics data and SAQ-K questionnaires (Self-Administered Questionnaire about Knowledge [Knowledge of Health care Professionals about PwDs]. Data analysis used univariate analysis in the form of mean, standard deviation, median, minimum-maximum, frequency, and percentage, and bivariate used non-parametric statistical tests, namely Mann-Whitney and Kruskall Wallis tests. Results: In this study, the median score result of the knowledge of nurses in hospital about PwDs is 19,00 (min-max = 5,00-23,00) with the minimum score 0 and the maximum 23. Nurses' knowledge is related significantly to the experience of caring PwDs (p = ,006). Majority of the nurses don't know that the condition of being disabled can result in discrimination from others. Nurses also don't know that people with intellectual disabilities can take care of their property and manage their own lives. Most of them also don't understand interdisciplinary approach in managing children with disabilities. Conclusion: The knowledge of nurses about PwDs are good. In this study, there was a significant difference in knowledge scores on the experience in caring of PwDs, so that a program to increase knowledge and experience in caring for PwDs could be suggested.

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Perawat, Rumah Sakit, Disabilitas