ISOLASI MINYAK NILAM DAN SINTESIS SENYAWA PATCHOULI ASETAT MELALUI REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI ALKOHOL DALAM MINYAK NILAM DENGAN KATALIS HOMOGEN DAN HETEROGEN

VERA JUNIATI, Respati Tri Swasono, S.Si., M. Phil., Ph.D. ; Drs. Priatmoko, M.S.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Telah dilakukan isolasi minyak nilam dan sintesis senyawa patchouli asetat dari alkohol dalam minyak nilam melalui reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan katalis homogen dan heterogen. Isolasi minyak nilam dari daun nilam dilakukan dengan metode hidrodistilasi pada suhu 100 �°C selama 6 jam. Pada penelitian ini, reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan dengan metode refluks antara minyak nilam dengan reaktan asam asetat glasial menggunakan katalis H2SO4, HCl dan bentonit teraktivasi selama 3 jam pada suhu �±110 �°C. Bentonit terlebih dahulu dilakukan aktivasi dengan metode refluks menggunakan HCl 2 M pada suhu �±110 �°C selama 3 jam. Elusidasi struktur senyawa produk isolasi dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) dan ditentukan indeks biasnya dengan alat refraktometer. Produk reaksi esterifikasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) dan GC-MS. Minyak nilam hasil isolasi diperoleh memiliki rendemen 6,6% dengan kadar 71,49% patchouli alkohol; 6,85% �´-guaiene; 5,48% seychellene dan 5,83% �²-caryophyllene. Minyak nilam hasil isolasi tersebut memiliki indeks bias 1,51 dan densitas 0,94. Reaksi esterifikasi minyak nilam dengan katalis HCl, H2SO4 dan bentonit teraktivasi menghasilkan senyawa patchouli asetat dengan rendemen berturut-turut 26,79; 15,57; dan 6,19%.

Patchouli acetate was isolated from patchouli oil and synthesized from alcohol in patchouli oil through an esterification reaction using a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst. Isolation of patchouli oil from patchouli leaves was carried out by hydrodistillation method at 100 �°C for 6 hours. In this study, the esterification reaction was carried out using the reflux method between patchouli oil, glacial acetic acid and H2SO4, HCl and activated bentonite as a catalyst for 3 hours at a temperature of �±110 �°C. Bentonite was first activated by the reflux method using 2 M HCl at a temperature of �±110 �°C for 3 hours. Elucidation of the compound structure from the isolation product was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and the refractive index was determined using a refractometer. The esterification reaction products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and GC-MS. Patchouli oil isolated from the results obtained has a yield of 6.6% with a content of 71.49% patchouli alcohol, 6.85% �´-guaiene, 5.48% seychellene and 5.83% �²-caryophyllene. The isolated patchouli oil has a refractive index of 1.51 and density 0.94. The esterification reaction of patchouli oil with HCl, H2SO4 and activated bentonite as catalysts produced patchouli acetate compounds with a yield of 26.79, 15.57, and 6.19%.

Kata Kunci : esterifikasi, minyak nilam, patchouli asetat/esterification, patchouli oil, patchouli acetate