Kajian Karakteristik dan Terapi Pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-1) Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada Malang Periode Maret - Agustus 2020

ARDIYATUL IFFAH K, Prof. Zullies Ikawati, Ph.D., Apt.; Dr. Chairun Wiedyaningsih, M.Kes., M.App.Sc., Apt.

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER FARMASI KLINIK

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan suatu penyakit akibat infeksi virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Batuk, sesak, dan demam menjadi gejala utama pasien COVID-19 meskipun gejala lain seperti myalgia dan diare juga pernah dilaporkan. Berbagai studi penelitian di negara lain terutama Cina telah melaporkan terapi pada pasien COVID-19 sementara di Indonesia belum ditemukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji karakteristik, terapi dan luaran pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada Malang, salah satu rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain case series dan pengambilan data sekunder secara retrospektif melalui rekam medik. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 21 pasien COVID-19 di RSWH Malang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Tingkat keparahan pasien COVID-19 yang ditemukan adalah sedang dan berat masing-masing 10 pasien dan kritis sebanyak 1 pasien. Sebesar 81% pasien ditemukan gejala awal sesak dan 76,2% ditemukan batuk. Beberapa gejala lain yang ditemukan antara lain demam (57,1%), diare (19%), mual/muntah (33,3%), pusing (14,3%) dan anoreksia (4,8%). Berdasarkan karakteristik laboratorium ditemukan jumlah leukosit dan platelet normal, jumlah limfosit yang rendah serta NLR yang tinggi. Terapi yang paling banyak ditemukan antara lain antibiotik (100%), vitamin (76,2%), oseltamivir (61,9%) dan kortikosteroid (61,9%). Selain itu ditemukan juga pemberian hidroksiklorokuin (14,3%) dan enoksaparin (19%). Luaran berdasarkan status keluar pasien ditemukan 71,4% membaik sementara 28,6% meninggal. Diperlukan studi lanjut evaluasi terapi terhadap respon klinis pasien COVID-19 dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients is cough, shortness of breath, and fever although other symptoms such as diarrhea have also been reported. Various research studies in other countries have reported therapeutic patterns in COVID-19 patients while in Indonesia it has not been found. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine clinical dan laboratory characteristics, therapeutic patterns and outcomes of COVID-19 patients at Wava Husada Hospital Malang. This research is a descriptive study with a case series design and retrospective secondary data collected through medical records. The data collection technique used was purposive sampling, which obtained the number of samples of 21 COVID-19 patients, according to inclusion criteria and analyzed descriptively. The severity of the COVID-19 patients found was moderate and severe, respectively 10 patients and 1 patient of the critical state. A 81% of patients found the initial symptoms of shortness of breath and 76,2% cough. Several other symptoms found included fever (57.1%), diarrhea (19%), nausea/vomiting (33.3%), dizziness (14.3%) and anorexia (4.8%). Based on laboratory characteristics found normal leukocyte and platelet counts, low lymphocyte counts and high NLR. The most common therapies were antibiotics (100%), vitamins (76.2%), oseltamivir (61.9%) and corticosteroids (61.9%). In addition, it was also found the administration of hydroxychloroquine (14.3%) and enoxaparin (19%). Outcome based on the patient's discharge status found 71.4% improved while 28.6% died. Further studies are needed to evaluate clinical therapy for COVID-19 patients with a larger sample size.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19 sedang-berat, Karaktertik, Terapi, Luaran / Moderate-severe COVID-19, characteristics, therapy, outcome