STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS BURSA FABRICIUS DAN LIEN AYAM BROILER [Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)] SETELAH PERLAKUAN INFUSED WATER BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton & Rose)

NICO CHANDRA ADITYA, Dr. med.vet. Hendry T.S.S.G. Saragih, M.P.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Permintaan pasar terhadap ayam broiler mendorong peternak ayam terus meningkatkan produksinya, tetapi ancaman penyakit terhadap ayam broiler masih sulit dihindari. Diperlukan suplemen tambahan dalam minuman ayam untuk meningkatkan imunitas sehingga tidak mudah terinfeksi penyakit. Salah satunya yaitu infused water buah naga yang mengandung flavonoid sebagai imunomodulator pada bursa fabricius dan lien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari indeks organ dan struktur histologis bursa fabricius dan lien, serta konsentrasi optimum infused water buah naga merah terhadap sel imunokompeten ayam broiler. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 300 ekor ayam yang dibagi dalam lima perlakuan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan, setiap ulangan terdapat 20 ekor ayam. Perlakuan infused water yang digunakan yaitu P0 (Perlakuan 0): 0% (Kontrol/air keran); P1: 0,25%; P2: 0,5%; P3: 1%; dan P4: 2% infused water buah naga merah dalam air minum (air keran). Ayam dikorbankan sebanyak tiga ekor dari setiap ulangan dengan metode dekapitasi untuk diambil bursa fabricius dan liennya, kemudian dibuat preparat histologi dengan fiksatif larutan Bouin, tebal irisan 5 mikron, dan metode pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin. Parameter yang diukur adalah indeks bursa fabricius dan lien, luas area folikel, medula, dan korteks bursa fabricius serta luas area pulpa putih lien. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey dengan α=0,05. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu indeks organ bursa fabricius dan lien tidak mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan. Luas area pulpa putih lien, folikel, medula, dan korteks bursa fabricius mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kontrol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa infused water buah naga merah meningkatkan proliferasi sel-sel imunokompeten bursa fabricius dan lien, terutama pada konsentrasi 2%.

Market demand for broiler chickens encourages chicken farmers to increase their production, but the threat of disease to broiler chickens is still difficult to avoid. Additional supplements are needed in chicken drinks to increase immunity so that they are not easily infected with diseases. One of them is dragon fruit infused water which contains flavonoids as immunomodulators in the bursa of Fabricius and spleen. This study aimed to study the organ index and histological structure of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen, also the optimum concentration of red dragon fruit infused water on immunocompetent broiler chicken cells. The research was conducted using a Complete Randomized Design with 300 chickens divided into five treatments as many as three repetitions, each repetition there were 20 chickens. Infused water treatment used were P0 (Treatment 0): 0% (Control/tap water); P1: 0.25%; P2: 0.5%; P3: 1%;and P4: 2% red dragon fruit infused water in drinking water (tap water). Three chickens were sacrificed from each repetition using the decapitation method for its bursa of Fabricius and spleen, then histological preparations were made using Bouin's solution fixative, slices thickness of 5 microns, and the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method. Parameters measured were organ index, area of follicle, medulla, and cortex of the bursa of Fabricius and area of splenic white pulp. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test with α=0.05. The results obtained were the index of the bursa of Fabricius and the spleen did not increase significantly. The area of the splenic white pulp, follicle, medulla, and cortex of the bursa of Fabricius was significantly increased compared to control. It can be concluded that the red dragon fruit infused water increased the proliferation of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen immunocompetent cells, especially at a concentration of 2%.

Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, lien, bursa fabricius, proliferasi, pulpa putih, folikel bursa fabricius.