OVERLAP HABITAT ANTARA BANTENG Bos javanicus d'Alton, 1823 DAN ANJING HUTAN Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) DI TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN, INDONESIA: PEMODELAN EKOLOGIS BERBASIS MAXENT

SUKMA AYU ASMARANI, Siti Nurleily Marliana, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB) mengalami dilema prioritas bagi pengelolaannya, dikarenakan banteng Bos javanicus d'Alton, 1823, merupakan mangsa alami dari anjing hutan Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) yang giat memburu dan memangsa individu banteng yang masih muda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mempelajari overlap habitat antara banteng dan anjing hutan sebagai dasar peningkatan strategi perlindungan di TNB. Metode yang dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan yang dilakukan pada 1 Maret-1 April 2021. Pengambilan data didahului dengan melakukan pengkelasan habitat untuk menentukan titik sampling. Area kajian dibagi dalam grid 1x1 km berdasarkan basis manajemen resort TNB. Data primer dan sekunder diolah menggunakan Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) dengan parameter lingkungan yaitu elevasi, kelerengan, jarak ke sumber air, NDVI, jarak dari pemukiman, jarak ke ladang penggembalaan, penutup lahan, serta jarak ke habitat rusa. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu model MaxEnt mengenai peta sebaran banteng memiliki skor AUC pada musim hujan (0,794) dan kemarau (0,805), sedangkan untuk anjing hutan pada musim hujan (0,820) dan musim kemarau (0,837). Preferensi habitat kedua musim menunjukkan karakteristik hampir sama yakni teridentifikasi overlap dengan pola menggerombol di antara Resort Perengan dan Resort Bekol, dan sedikit menunjukkan adanya overlap di Resort Bitakol.

Baluran National Park (BNP) in East Java, Indonesia, faces a priority dilemma related to the relationship between the banteng Bos javanicus d'Alton, 1823, a protected flagship species, and the dhole Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811), a protected species, with the latter preying on young individuals of the former. The aim of this research was to identify the habitat overlap between the banteng and dhole as the basis for improving the protection strategy in BNP. A field survey was conducted from March 1 to April 1, 2021. Data collection was preceded by habitat classification to determine the sampling location. The study area was divided into a 1x1 km grid based on BNP's resort-based management. In each grid, tracks and signs of banteng and dholes were recorded (footprints, feces, feeding marks, bones from predation, and sightings directly in the field). Field data and secondary data were then processed using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) software, with elevation, slope, distance to water sources, NDVI, distance from settlements, distance to pasture, land cover, and distance to deer habitat as the inputted environmental parameters. Habitat overlaps showed a similarity in both dry and rainy seasons, with clustering patterns found in Perengan Resort and Bekol Resort, and a slight overlap found in Bitakol Resort. During the dry season, the determining factors in the banteng's habitat selection were distance to water sources, land cover, and distance to pasture, while for those for the dhole were distance to water sources and distance to deer habitat. In the rainy season, these influencing factors were distance to pasture, elevation, and land cover for banteng, and distance to deer habitat and distance to water sources for dholes.

Kata Kunci : Bovidae, Canidae, kesesuaian habitat, penggunaan habitat