Gambaran Kesiapsiagaan Perawat Puskesmas dalam Menghadapi Bencana di Kabupaten Bantul DIY

REGITA RAHMA M, Uki Noviana, S.Kep., Ns., M.NSc., Ph.D ; Syahirul Alim,S.Kp., M.Sc., Ph.D

2021 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Bantul berisiko tinggi terjadinya multi ancaman bencana. Kesiapsiagaan bencana merupakan prioritas manajemen bencana sebagai upaya mereduksi efek paparan kejadian bencana pada populasi. Peran perawat puskesmas sangat besar saat bencana terjadi karena sebagai garis terdepan dan ujung tombak pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama, sehingga harus siap siaga agar dapat merespons dan mengelola bencana lebih baik. Hingga saat ini penelitian yang berfokus pada kesiapsiagaan perawat puskesmas di daerah rawan bencana di Kabupaten Bantul DIY masih sangat minim. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui gambaran kesiapsiagaan perawat puskesmas menghadapi bencana di Kabupaten Bantul DIY secara umum dan secara khusus berdasarkan domain (perceived knowledge, skills, post disaster management) maupun karakteristik usia, tingkat pendidikan, lama kerja, partisipasi pelatihan kebencanaan, dan keterlibatan langsung penanganan bencana. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini yakni descriptive survey melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden didapatkan dengan consecutive sampling (n=108) diambil 14 dari 17 puskesmas yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool Indonesian Version (DPET-I) dan data demografi. Pengisian secara daring menggunakan web survey dengan metode self-report. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji beda Chi-square test. Hasil: Secara umum, perawat memiliki persepsi kesiapsiagaan kuat. Tingkat kesiapsiagaan pada persepsi domain knowledge, skills, dan post disaster management (PDM) juga kuat meskipun PDM memiliki persentase paling rendah. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada usia (p=0,013), lama bekerja (p=0,016), dan keterlibatan bencana terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana perawat (p=0,004). Kesimpulan: Kesiapsiagaan kuat perlu dipertahankan dengan kegiatan berkelanjutan dan evaluasi rutin. Selain itu upaya meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan bencana perawat khususnya pada domain post disaster management perlu dilakukan.

Background: Bantul has a high risk of multi-hazard area. Disaster preparedness is a disaster management priority as an effort to reduce the effects of exposure to disaster events on the population. Community Health Nurses (CHN) play a huge role when disaster occurs because they are at the forefront and spearhead as public health first responders so they must be prepared to be ready to respond and manage disasters better. Thus far, research that focuses on CHN preparedness in disaster-prone areas in Bantul regency is limited. Objective: This study aims to describe the disaster preparedness level of CHNs to handle disasters in Bantul regency in general and specifically based on domains (perceived knowledge, skills, post disaster management) as well as age characteristics, education level, length of work, experience in any disaster training, and participation in real disaster. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive survey with crosssectional design. A consecutive sample of participants (n = 108) was drawn from 14 of 17 public health centers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected online using the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool Indonesian Version (DPET-I) questionnaire and demographic data using web survey through self-report method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: Overall, the nurses reported strong perceived preparedness level. The level of preparedness in the domain of perceived knowledge, skills, and post disaster management (PDM) are also strong even though PDM has the lowest percentage. A significant difference was found between age (p=0,013), length of work (p=0,016), and participation in real disaster (p=0,004). Conclusion: Strong preparedness level in nurses needs to be maintained by continuous activities and routine evaluation. In addition, efforts to improve disaster preparedness are particularly needed in the domain of post disaster management.

Kata Kunci : bencana, DPET-I, kesiapsiagaan, perawat komunitas, perawat puskesmas