KARAKTERISTIK PEKARANGAN PERKOTAAN DATARAN RENDAH TROPIS DI KAMPUNG KARANGBENDO, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

MARIANO TRIVANDY N N, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, S.P., M.Agr., Ph.D. dan Ir. Rohlan Rogomulyo, M.P.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 AGRONOMI

Keterbatasan ruang perkotaan menjadi perhatian dalam optimalisasi lahan pekarangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik pekarangan perkotaan dataran rendah tropis, mengetahui teknik budidaya di pekarangan, dan melakukan pemilihan jenis tanaman yang potensial dibudidayakan di pekarangan. Pelaksanan penelitian dilakukan di Kampung Karangbendo, Dusun Kocoran, Kelurahan Caturtunggal, Kecamatan Depok, Dusun Kocoran, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel kelompok rumah yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, berdasarkan lima kategori luas pekarangan, yaitu 1) pekarangan sangat sempit (<20 m2), 2) pekarangan sempit (21-50 m2), 3) pekarangan sedang (50-100 m2), 4) pekarangan luas (100-200 m2), dan 5) pekarangan sangat luas (>200m2). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pekarangan perkotaan di lokasi studi memiliki intensitas cahaya matahari 2238,21 lux - 56574,13 lux, kelembaban udara berkisar 64,29% - 70,16%, suhu berkisar 29,34 derajat celcius - 29,9 derajat celcius, kecepatan angin berkisar 0,2-0,6 m/s dan didominasi zonasi depan, pekarangan sangat sempit (0-20m2), strata tanaman di bawah satu meter, dan jenis tanaman hias. Teknik budidaya yang dapat diterapkan di pekarangan perkotaan dataran rendah disesuaikan dengan kondisi luas pekarangan. Pekarangan sangat sempit menggunakan teknik budidaya vertikultur, penanaman dalam polibag, dan tanaman buah dalam pot (tabulampot). Pekarangan sempit diterapkan teknik budidaya berupa vertikultur, penanaman dalam polibag, tabulampot, dan penanaman langsung di tanah. Pekarangan sedang dan pekarangan luas diterapkan teknik budidaya berupa penanaman langsung di tanah. Jenis tanaman ditekankan pada dominasi dan jumlah tanaman sayur dan disesuaikan berdasarkan ukuran pekarangan. Pekarangan sangat sempit ditanam kangkung (Ipomea Reptans Poir), bayam hijau (Amaranthus tricolor), sawi hijau (Brassica juncea), cabai merah (Capsicum annuum), cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens), terung (Solanum melongena), tomat (Solanum lycopersicum), kemangi (Ocimum sanctum), jahe (Zingiber officinale), kunyit (Curcuma longa), kencur (Kaempferia galanga), jambu air (Syzygium aqueum), mangga (Mangifera indica), nangka mini (Artocarpus heterophhilus), belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola), kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan), sawo manila (Manilkara zapota), jambu biji (Psidiium guajava), anggur (Vitis vinifera), dan nanas (Ananas comosus). Pekarangan sempit ditanam cabai merah (Capsicum annuum), cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens), terung (Solanum melongena), tomat (Solanum lycopersicum), mangga (Mangifera indica), sawo manila (Manilkara zapota). nangka mini (Artocarpus heterophhilus), dan jambu air (Syzygium aqueum). Pekarangan sedang ditanami cabai merah (Capsicum annuum), cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens), terung (Solanum melongena), tomat (Solanum lycopersicum), kunyit (Curcuma longa), kemangi (Ocimum sanctum), lengkuas (Alpinia galangal), dan jahe (Zingiber officinale). Pekarangan luas ditanami tomat (Solanum lycopersicum), kunyit (Curcuma longa), kemangi (Ocimum sanctum), lengkuas (Alpinia galangal), jahe (Zingiber officinale), jambu biji (Psidiium guajava), belimbing (Averrhoa carambola), dan rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum).

Limited space is a concern in optimizing pekarangan. The research objectives were to identify characteristics of tropical lowland urban pekarangan, to know the cultivation techniques in the pekarangan, and to select the types of plants that have the potential to be cultivated in the pekarangan. The research was carried out in Kampong Karangbendo, Kocoran Hamlet, Caturtunggal Urban Village, Depok Sub-district, Sleman District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study used a survey method with a sample of house groups selected by purposive sampling, based on five categories pekarangan, namely 1) very a small pekarangan (<20 m2), 2) a small pekarangan (20-50 m2), 3) a medium pekarangan (50-100 m2), 4) a large pekarangan (100-200 m2), and 5) very a large pekarangan (>200m2). The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of urban pekarangan in the study location have sunlight intensity ranges from 2238.21 lux - 56574,13 lux, air humidity ranges from 64.29% - 70.16%, air temperatures ranges from 29.34 degrees celcius - 29.9 degree celcius, and wind speed ranges from 0.2-0.6 m/s and dominated by front zoning, very a small pekarangan (0-20m2), plant strata under one meter, and ornamental plants. Cultivation models that can be applied in lowland of urban pekarangan are adapted to the conditions of the pekarangan area. Very small pekarangan using cultivation techniques of verticulture, planting in polybags, and fruit plants in pots (tabulampot). Small pekarangan applied a cultivation model in the form of verticulture, planting in polybags, tabulampot, and planting directly on the ground. Medium pekarangan and large pekarangan applied a cultivation model in the form direct planting in the ground. The type of plant emphasized the dominance and number of vegetable plants and was adjusted based on the size of pekarangan. Very small pekarangan is planted by kale (Ipomea Reptans Poir), spinach (Amaranthus tricolor), mustard green (Brassica juncea), red chilies (Capsicum annuum), cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), basil (Ocimum sanctum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa), galangal (Kaempferia galanga), water guava (Syzygium aqueum), mango (Mangifera indica), mini jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophhilus), starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), longan (Dimocarpus longan), sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), guava (Psidiium guajava), grapes (Vitis vinifera), and pineapple (Ananas comosus). Small pekarangan is planted with red chilies (Capsicum annuum), cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), mango (Mangifera indica), sapodilla (Manilkara zapota). mini jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophhilus), and water guava (Syzygium aqueum). Medium pekarangan is planted with red chilies (Capsicum annuum), cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), basil (Ocimum sanctum), galangal (Alpinia galangal), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). Large pekarangan is planted with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), basil (Ocimum sanctum), galangal (Alpinia galangal), ginger (Zingiber officinale), guava (Psidiium guajava), starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum).

Kata Kunci : lingkungan perkotaan, ruang terbatas, pemilihan tanaman, pekarangan, Karangbendo