KAJIAN ANALISIS HORMON ESTRADIOL DAN PERUBAHAN ORGAN REPRODUKSI PADA SAPI POTONG POSTPARTUS

MANDALA PHIVI W A, drh. Agung Budiyanto, M.P., Ph.D.; drh. Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Organ reproduksi sapi postpartus menjalani serangkaian proses fisiologis dan anatomis, untuk kembali ke kondisi normal tidak bunting. Recovery organ reproduksi dapat dibuktikan dengan involusi uteri, perkembangan folikel, ovarium dan estradiol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan organ reproduksi dan mendeteksi kadar estradiol dalam darah berdasarkan dinamika perkembangan folikel dan ovarium pada sapi potong postpartus. Riset ini menggunakan sapi potong jenis Peranakan Ongole (PO) (n=8) dan Crossbreed (CB) (n=8), multipara, partus normal dengan kondisi sehat, umur 3-10 tahun dan SKT 2,5-3,5. Pengukuran serviks, kornua, folikel dan ovarium menggunakan ultrasonografi (USG) dan pengambilan darah melalui vena jugularis secara periodik dimulai pada minggu ke-1, 5, 9, 13, 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diameter rata-rata serviks minggu ke-1 pada sapi breed PO 6,6 kurang lebih 0,5 cm dan CB 7,1 kurang lebih 0,5 cm. Penyusutan signifikan pada minggu ke-1 hingga 5 (breed PO 3,3 kurang lebih 0,3 cm dan CB 3,3 kurang lebih 0,2 cm). Diameter kornua minggu ke-5 breed PO 4,8 kurang lebih 0,4 cm dan 5,0 kurang lebih 0,5 cm, pada CB 4,9 kurang lebih 0,4 cm dan 4,6 kurang lebih 0,4 cm. Perubahan ukuran kornua uteri terjadi signifikan pada minggu ke-1 hingga 9 dan setelahnya memiliki ukuran yang kurang lebih hampir sama. Diameter folikel terendah pada minggu ke-5 (PO=3,5 kurang lebih 0,2 mm dan CB=3,2 kurang lebih 0,2 mm) dan tertinggi di minggu ke-17 (PO=5,3 kurang lebih 0,7 mm dan CB=5,1 kurang lebih 0,5 mm). Hasil pengukuran rata-rata diameter ovarium sapi PO dan CB berkisar 20,0 kurang lebih 1,0 mm sampai 24,2 kurang lebih 1,6 mm. Analisis estradiol menggunakan metode Enzym-linked immunosorbent assay. Hasil analisis estradiol dari minggu ke-5 hingga 17 berkisar 30,3 kurang lebih 2,9 sampai 49,5 kurang lebih 8,8 pg/ml. Hasil klasifikasi berdasarkan ukuran folikel dan ovarium; grup satu memiliki diameter folikel lebih kecil atau sama dengan 2,0 mm dan ovarium lebih kecil atau sama dengan 20,0 mm menghasilkan rata-rata kadar estradiol sebesar 22,8 kurang lebih 1,7 pg/ml. Grup dua (diameter folikel 3,0-5,0 mm dan ovarium 21,0-25,0 mm), menghasilkan rata-rata estradiol 38,9 kurang lebih 2,0 pg/ml. Grup tiga (diameter folikel 6,0-9,0 mm dan ovarium 26,0-30,0 mm) menghasilkan rata-rata estradiol 61,1 kurang lebih 6,0 pg/ml. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terjadi proses remodelling dengan pola yang bervariasi pada organ reproduksi serviks, kornua, ovarium dan folikel pada sapi potong postpartus. Ada korelasi yang kuat antara kadar estradiol dengan perkembangan ovarium dan folikel sapi potong postpartus. Tidak ada perbedaan profil hormon dan perubahan organ reproduksi serviks, kornua, ovarium, folikel antara sapi potong bangsa PO dan CB.

The reproductive organs of postpartum cattle undergo a series of physiological and anatomical processes to return to their nonpregnant state. Reproductive organ recovery can be demonstrated by uterine involution, as well as the development of follicles, ovaries, and estradiol. This study aimed to examine the changes in reproductive organs and to detect levels of estradiol in blood, based on the dynamics of follicle and ovarian development. A total of eight of Ongole (PO) and eight of Crossbreed (CB), with the characteristics of multiparous, normal parturition, aged 3-10 years, and BCS 2.5-3.5, were used in the present study. Measurement of the cervix, cornua, follicles, and ovaries was done by using ultrasonography. Blood sampling was done periodically through the jugular vein starting at weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17. The results showed that the mean cervical diameter of the first week in PO and CB was 6.6 plus-minus 0.5 cm and 7.1 plus-minus 0.5 cm, respectively. There was significant shrinkage at weeks 1 to 5 (PO= 3.3 plus-minus 0.3 cm and CB= 3.3 plus-minus 0.2 cm). Cornua diameters at weeks 5 were 4.8 plus-minus 0.4 cm and 5.0 plus-minus 0.5 cm (PO), 4.9 plus-minus 0.4 cm and 4.6 plus-minus 0.4 cm (CB). The significant changes in the size of the uterine cornua were observed at weeks 1 to 9 and thereafter they were about the same size. The results showed that the lowest diameter of PO and CB follicles was seen at week 5 (3.5 plus-minus 0.2mm and 3.2 plus-minus 0.2mm, respectively) and the highest was seen at week 17 (5.3 plus-minus 0.7mm and 5.1 plus-minus 0.5mm, respectively), with a diameter mean of PO and CB cows ranged from 20.0 plus-minus 1.0 to 24.2 plus-minus 1.6mm. Estradiol analysis was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results of the estradiol analysis at weeks 5-17 were ranged from 30.3 plus-minus 2.9 to 49.5 plus-minus 8.8 pg/ml. Diameter of follicles, ovaries, and estradiol levels were classified into 3 groups (follicular and ovarian diameter on the first group sequentially, is less than or equal to 2.0 mm and is less than or equal to 20.0 mm; second group, 3.0-5.0 mm and 21.0-25.0 mm; third group, 6.0-9.0 mm and 26.0-30.0 mm). The means of estradiol levels of the first to the third group were 22.8 plus-minus 1.7 pg/ml, 38.9 plus-minus 2.0 pg/ml, and 61.1 plus-minus 6.0 pg/ml. In conclusion, there is a remodeling process with varying patterns in the reproductive organs of the cervix, cornua, ovaries, and follicles in postpartum beef cattle. There is a strong correlation between estradiol levels and the development of ovaries and follicles of postpartum beef cattle. There were no differences in hormone profiles and changes in the reproductive organs of the cervix, cornua, ovaries, follicles between PO and CB beef cattle.

Kata Kunci : estradiol, organ reproduksi, postpartus, sapi potong