AKSESIBILITAS INFORMASI COVID-19 BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS INTELEKTUAL DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF TEORI KEADILAN JOHN RAWLS

NUR ALIFAH, Dr. Supartiningsih

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FILSAFAT

Penelitian ini berjudul Aksesibilitas Informasi Covid-19 Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual Di Indonesia Perspektif Teori Keadilan John Rawls. Peneliti akan melakukan kajian mendalam terkait permasalahan aksesibilitas informasi Covid- 19 bagi penyandang disabilitas intelektual dengan menggunakan teori keadilan John Rawls. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis permasalahan aksesibilitas informasi Covid-19 bagi penyandang disabilitas intelektual perspektif teori keadilan John Rawls. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif bidang filsafat dengan model penelitian permasalahan aktual yang diperkuat dengan studi kepustakaan melalui berbagai buku, jurnal, artikel ilmiah, Undang-Undang dan beberapa pedoman protokol pencegahan penularan virus. Penelitian ini diawali dengan tahap persiapan, pengumpulan data, klasifikasi data, analisis data, dan penyusunan hasil. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode hermeneutika filosofis, dengan unsur-unsur metodis a) interpretasi, b) koherensi intern, c) holistik, d) refleksi, dan e) deskripsi. Metode ini merupakan metode penelitian filsafat yang dipakai untuk menemukan makna yang terkandung dalam objek penelitian yang berupa fenomena aktual melalui pemahaman dan interpretasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: Pertama, bentuk aksesibilitas informasi selama Covid-19 bagi disabilitas intelektual mencakup 2 poin penting yakni ketersediaan akses informasi dan peningkatan kapabilitas. Kedua, adanya keterkaitan antara problem mendasar yang dihadapi oleh disabilitas intelektual saat Covid-19 yakni pemenuhan hak dalam hal kesetaraan atas aksesibilitas informasi dengan teori keadilan John Rawls. Permasalahan aksesibilitas informasi mencakup problem kesetaraan atas kebebasan dan persamaan kesempatan yang dimuat dalam teori keadilan Rawls yakni dua prinsip keadilan serta gagasan keadilan sebagai fairness. Rawls menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan yang setara dan sama besar serta mendapatkan persamaan kesempatan sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki.

This research entitled, Accessibility of Covid-19 Information for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in Indonesia using John Rawls's Theory of Justice Perspective. A researcher wants to do a study about the problem of intellectual disabilities of Covid-19 information accessibility issues by using John Rawls's theory of justice. It is aimed at analyzing the problem of intellectual disabilities of Covid-19 accessibility issues by using John Rawls's theory of justice. This research is qualitative in the field of philosophy and a research model of actual problems which is strengthened by literature studies through various books, journals, scientific articles, laws, and several protocol guidelines for preventing virus transmission. The writer begins with the preparation stage, the data collection, the data classification, the analysis of data, and the compilation of results. The analytical method of this research is a philosophical hermeneutic method with the methodical elements; a) interpretation, b) internal coherence, c) holistic, d) reflection, and e) description. This method is a philosophical research method that used to find the meaning in the object of research in the form of actual phenomena through understanding and interpretation. The findings of the research show that, first, the form of information accessibility during covid-19 for intellectual disabilities includes 2 important points, the availability of access to information and increased capabilities. Second, there is a relation between the fundamental problems faced by intellectual disabilities during covid-19 is the fulfillment of rights in terms of equality for information accessibility with John Rawls's theory of justice. The problem of information accessibility includes the problem of equality of freedom and equality of opportunity contained in Rawls's theory of justice, namely the two principles of justice and the idea of justice as fairness. Rawls stated that human has the right of equality freedom to get equal opportunities according to their abilities.

Kata Kunci : Aksesibilitas, Covid-19, Disabilitas Intelektual, Informasi, Keadilan, Kesetaraan, Kesempatan