Pengaruh Penyimpanan Suhu Rendah Terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Fisik Bunga Melati (Jasminum sambac)

IKA NURILA, Dr. Moh. Affan Fajar F., S.T.P., M.Agr.; Dr. Jumeri, S.T.P., M.Si.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Bunga melati merupakan produk florikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi dan dibudidayakan di daerah tropis. Setelah dipanen, bunga melati masih melakukan proses metabolisme, seperti respirasi dan produksi etilen. Proses respirasi dan produksi etilen dapat menurunkan mutu bunga melati. Penyimpanan suhu rendah mampu memperlambat laju respirasi dan produksi etilen. Oleh karena itu, pengaruh lingkungan penyimpanan (suhu dan kelembaban udara) terhadap mutu fisik bunga melati perlu diketahui. Bunga melati disimpan dalam tiga lingkungan penyimpanan, yaitu suhu rendah (4±1°C; RH 82-91%) selama 15 hari, suhu AC (18±2°C; RH 87-93%) selama 7 hari, dan suhu ruang (28±2°C; RH 64-89%) selama 5 hari. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi lingkungan penyimpanan terhadap mutu fisik bunga melati. Parameter yang diukur adalah ukuran tabung (diameter ujung dan pangkal), ukuran kuntum (diameter panjang, diameter pendek, tinggi kuntum), panjang bunga, susut bobot berat awal 10 gram dan susut bobot per kuntum, warna, indeks warna putih, dan indeks kesegaran. Penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui umur simpan bunga pada setiap lingkungan penyimpanan. Umur simpan bunga melati umumnya sekitar 3-4 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan pada lingkungan suhu rendah (4±1°C; RH 82-91%) memiliki hasil terbaik di antara ketiga lingkungan penyimpanan. Hal ini dikarenakan penyimpanan lingkungan suhu rendah memiliki perubahan mutu fisik yang paling lambat. Selain itu, pola perubahan pada setiap parameter juga diketahui lebih spesifik. Umur simpan bunga melati pada penyimpanan lingkungan suhu rendah juga yang paling besar, yakni 5,0 hari.

Jasmine flower is a floricultural product that has a high economic value and is cultivated in the tropics. After being harvested, jasmine flowers still carry out metabolic processes, such as respiration and ethylene production. The process of respiration and ethylene production can reduce the quality of jasmine flowers. Low-temperature storage can slow down the respiration rate and ethylene production. Therefore, the influence of the storage environment (temperature and humidity) on the physical quality of jasmine flowers needs to be known. Jasmine flowers are stored in three storage environments, are low temperature (4±1°C; RH 82-91%) for 15 days, AC temperature (18±2°C; RH 87-93%) for 7 days, and room temperature. (28±2°C; RH 64-89%) for 5 days. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the effect of storage environmental conditions on the physical quality of jasmine flowers. The parameters measured were tube size (top and basic diameter), petal size (long diameter, short diameter, flower height), flower length, weight loss with initial weight of 10 grams and weight loss per bud, color, white index, and indeks kesegaran. This research was also conducted to determine the shelf life of flowers for each storage environment. The shelf-life of jasmine flowers generally is around 3-4 days. The results showed that storage in a low-temperature environment (4±1°C; RH 82-91%) had the best results among the three storage environments. This is because the storage of low-temperature environments has the slowest change in physical quality. Moreover, the change pattern for each parameters can be observed specifically. The shelf life of jasmine flowers at low-temperature environmental storage was also the greatest; it is 5,0 days.

Kata Kunci : bunga melati, mutu fisik, suhu dan kelembaban