ANALISIS STAKEHOLDER DALAM KEBIJAKAN SURAT TANDA REGISTRASI TENAGA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT (SKM)

AWALUDIN, Prof. dr. Laksono Trisnantoro, Msc, Ph.D ; Dr. dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang: SKM sebagai front line dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat dituntut harus memiiliki kompetensi yang berkualitas dan harus di dorong dengan kualitas pendidikan kesehatan masyarakat yang berkualitas pula. Sementara sampai dengan saat ini, isu permasalahan STR SKM terus menjadi dinamika dan persoalan baik itu masalah hukum, kompetensi SKM, sistem pendidikan SKM, organisaasi profesi SKM. dan belum adanya upaya serius yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasi berbagai macam persoalan STR SKM yang berdampak pada ketidakjelassan kompetensi SKM, dan kualitis mutu SDM SKM dalam memberikan pelayanan di masyarakat. Tujuan: Memetakan dan menganalisis stakeholder dalam kebijakan STR SKM dengan mengekplorasi bukti bukti faktor yang mempengaruhi STR SKM, dan mengetahui analisis stakeholder dalam kebijakan STR SKM yang dipengaruhi oleh keterlibatan, kepentingan dan pengaruh dalam kebijakan STR SKM. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan exploratory research. Hasil: Pemetaan stakeholder kebijakan berdasar pada pengetahuan menunjukan bahwa stakeholder pengambil kebijakan mengetahui masalah STR SKM dan masalah hukum terkait STR SKM. Sementara kelompok target dan kelompok pengamat tidak begitu megetahui masalah STR SKM. Bukti terkait persepsi terhadap STR SKM menunjukan bahwa semua stakeholder memiliki pandangan yang berbeda beda dalam melihat masalah STR SKM, dan semua stakeholder sepakat bahwa STR sangat penting bagi tenaga kesehatan termasuk SKM. Bukti terkait sikap terhadap STR SKM menunjukan bahwa sikap stakeholder dalam merespon pemberhentian STR SKM berbeda beda. Ada yang kecewa, ada yang mendukung, dan ada yang hanya menunggu kebijakan saja. beberapa stakeholder mendorong terbentuknya pendidikan profesi bagi SKM dan tetap mengeluarkan STR tanpa uji kompetensi bagi SKM sampai adanya kejelasan mengenai aspek hukum pendidikan SKM. semua stakeholder sepakat bahwa masalah STR SKM harus segera diselesaikan. Bukti terkait faktor yang mempengaruhi kebijakan STR SKM yaitu adanya tumpang tindih aturan hukum terhadap STR, sistem pendidikan SKM yang masih dilematis dan dualisme organisasai profesi SKM. Bukti terkait keterlibatan, kepentingan dan pengaruh, menunjukkan bahwa stakeholder kebijakan STR SKM terdiri dari 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok target, kelompok pembuat kebijakan, dan kelompok pengamat. Kesimpulan: STR SKM menimbulkan banyak persoalan yang belum terselesaikan oleh setiap stakeholder kebijkan. Terlebih mengenai kedudukan sistem pendidikan SKM dalam tinjauan hukum, persoalan organisasi perfesi dan problematika diberhentikannya STR SKM saat ini.

Background: SKM as a front line in an effort to improve the degree of public health is required to have quality competencies and must be encouraged by quality public health education as well. Meanwhile, up to now, the issue of SKM STR issues continues to be dynamic and problems be it legal issues, SKM competence, SKM education system, SKM professional organization. and the absence of serious efforts by the government to solve various kinds of SKM STR problems that have an impact on the inconsistencies of SKM competencies, and the quality of SKM human resources in providing services to the community. Purpose: This study aims to map and analyze stakeholders in the SKM STR policy by exploring the evidence of factors affecting the SKM STR policy, and knowing the stakeholder analysis in the SKM STR policy which is influenced by involvement, interest and influence in the SKM STR policy. Methods: This type of research is exploratory research with a qualitative approach. data collection through informants by means of in-depth interviews and literature studies. Respondents in this study were the Ministry of Health's legal bureau, the head of Iakmi, the head of Persakmi, higher education institutions, SKM students and SKM alumni (public health workers). Results: Mapping of policy stakeholders based on knowledge shows that the stakeholders of the policy makers know about the SKM STR and legal issues related to the SKM STR. Meanwhile the target group and the observer group did not really know about the SKM STR problem. Evidence related to the perception of the SKM STR shows that all stakeholders have different views in seeing the SKM STR problem, and all stakeholders agree that STR is very important for health workers including SKM. Evidence related to attitudes towards STR SKM shows that the attitude of stakeholders in responding to the dismissal of STR SKM is different. Some are disappointed, some are supportive, and some are just waiting for the policy. several stakeholders encourage the formation of professional education for SKM and continue to issue STR without a competency test for SKM until there is clarity regarding the legal aspects of SKM education. all stakeholders agree that the SKM STR problem must be resolved immediately. Evidence related to the factors affecting the SKM STR policy, namely the overlapping legal rules against STR, the SKM education system which is still a dilemma and the dualism of the SKM professional organization. Evidence related to involvement, interest and influence shows that the stakeholders of the SKM STR policy consist of 4 groups, namely the target group, the policy-making group, and the observer group. Conclusion: STR SKM raises many problems that have not been resolved by every policy stakeholder. Especially regarding the position of the SKM education system in legal review, performance organization issues and problems with the dismissal of the current SKM STR.

Kata Kunci : Stakeholder, STR, SKM.