Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Katalis Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3 dan NiMo/γ-Al2O3 Untuk Hidrorengkah Limbah Ban Bekas Menjadi Fraksi Bensin

MOHAMMAD ALI GHONI, Prof. Dr. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.S., Ph.D., Eng. ; Prof. Dr. Triyono, S.U.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Preparasi dan karakterisasi katalis Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3 dan NiMo/γ-Al2O3 untuk hidrorengkah limbah ban bekas menjadi fraksi bensin telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh impregnasi logam Ni, Mo dan NiMo pada γ-Al2O3 terhadap keasaman dan kristalinitas katalis serta aplikasinya dalam proses hidrorengkah limbah ban. Katalis disintesis dengan metode ko-impregnasi basah. Kandungan logam baik monometal maupun bimetal yang diembankan masing-masing sebesar 3% dengan larutan prekursor logam Ni(NO3)2.6H2O dan (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O. Katalis yang diperoleh dikalsinasi pada temperatur 550 °C dengan dialirikan gas N2 (20 mL/menit) selama 2 jam. Katalis direduksi pada temperatur 450 °C dengan dialiri gas H2 (20 mL/menit) selama 2 jam. Katalis dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, AAS, dan TEM. Uji keasaman katalis ditentukan dengan adsorpsi uap basa piridin. Proses hidrorengkah limbah ban dilakukan dengan variasi katalis γ-Al2O3, Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3 dan NiMo/γ-Al2O3. dalam reaktor stainless steel sistem semi-flow dialiri gas H2 (20 mL/menit) selama 2 jam pada temperatur 750 °C dengan rasio berat umpan:katalis = 1:200. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan asam terhadap γ-Al2O3 maupun pengembanan logam Ni dan/atau Mo pada γ-Al2O3, tidak merusak kristalinitas katalis. Kadar logam total yang terimpregnasi pada katalis Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3, dan NiMo/γ-Al2O3 berturut-turut 2,875, 2,589 dan 2,108% b/b dengan keasaman masing-masing sebesar 3,473, 3,081, 2,763 mmol/g dan γ-Al2O3 2,015 mmol/g. Hasil TEM menunjukkan bahwa semua katalis berbasis γ-Al2O3 merupakan material berpori. Katalis Ni/γ-Al2O3 menunjukkan aktivitas konversi tertinggi sebesar 35,7% b/b dengan selektivitas terbaik dalam menghasilkan produk dominan bensin (C6-C12) sebesar 32,23% b/b.

Preparation and characterization of Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrocracking of waste tires into a gasoline fraction have been carried out. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of Ni, Mo, and NiMo metals impregnation on γ-Al2O3 on the acidity and crystallinity of the catalyst along with its application in the process of hydrocracking waste tires. The catalyst was synthesized by the wet co-impregnation method. The metal content of monometal as well as bimetal impregnated using precursor solutions of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O salts. The obtained catalyst was calcined at a temperature of 550 °C with N2 gas flow (20 mL/min) for 2 h. The catalyst was then reduced by flowing H2 gas (20 mL/min) at a temperature of 450 °C for 2 h. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, TEM. The test of the acidic catalyst was determined by the adsorption of pyridine base vapor. The hydrocracking process of waste tires was carried out with various catalysts of γ-Al2O3, Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3. and NiMo/γ-Al2O3. in stainless steel reactor with a semi-flow system that was flowed H2 gas (20 mL/min) for 2 h at a temperature of 750 °C with a weight ratio of feed:catalyst = 1:200. XRD analysis results showed that the acid treatment of γ-Al2O3 and the loading of Ni and/or Mo on γ-Al2O3 did not damage the crystallinity of the catalyst. The total amount of metal impregnated on the catalysts Ni/γ-Al2O3, Mo/γ-Al2O3, and NiMo/γ-Al2O3 were 2.875, 2.589, and 2.108% w/w with each acidity of 3.473, 3.081, 2.763 mmol/g, and γ-Al2O3 of 2.015 mmol/g. TEM results showed that all γ-Al2O3 based catalysts were porous materials. Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed the activity highest conversion of 35.7% w/w with the best selectivity in produces the liquid product fraction of dominant gasoline (C6-C12) of 32.23% w/w.

Kata Kunci : bensin (C6-C12), gamma alumina, limbah ban bekas, limonene