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SYNTHESIS OF NiPt CATALYST SUPPORTED ON LAPINDO MUD GRAFTED WITH 3-AMINOPROPYL TRIMETHOXYSILANE (3-APTMS) FOR HYDROTREATMENT OF WASTE PALM OIL INTO BIOFUEL

SHAFIRA SALSIAH, Prof. Dr. Iip Izul Falah; Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.Si., Ph.D.Eng.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Telah dilakukan sintesis katalis NiPt dengan pendukung lumpur Lapindo tergrafting 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) untuk hidrorengkah minyak sawit bekas menjadi biofuel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan katalis dengan aktivitas katalitik dan selektivitas terbaik dalam produksi fraksi cair dengan jumlah senyawa hidrokarbon yang tinggi. Logam Ni, Pt, dan Ni-Pt terembankan pada lumpur Lapindo dengan metode impregnasi basah, kemudian dikalsinasi pada temperatur 500 celcius selama 3 jam di bawah aliran gas N2 dilanjutkan dengan reduksi pada temperatur 450 celcius selama 3 jam pada aliran gas H2. Proses ini menghasilkan katalis LL, Ni/LL, Pt/LL, dan NiPt/LL. Seluruh katalis kemudian dimodifikasi menggunakan 3-APTMS dengan metode grafting dalam toluene yang menghasilkan katalis NH2-LL, Ni-NH2/LL, Pt-NH2/LL, dan NiPt-NH2/LL. Katalis yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), dan uji keasaman menggunakan absorpsi piridin dengan metode gravimetri. Proses hydrotreatment minyak sawit bekas dalam semi-batch stainless steel dengan aliran gas H2 (20mL/menit) selama 2 jam pada temperatur 550 celcius dan rasio katalis/umpan 1/50. NiPt-NH2/LL dengan aktivitas tertinggi digunakan untuk proses hydrotreatment pada variasi temperatur (500 dan 600 celcius) dan rasio/umpan (1/100 dan 1/200). Uji kegunaan katalis NiPt-NH2/LL dalam proses hydrotreatment kedua dan ketiga. Produk fraksi cair dianalisis dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Berdasarkan hasil proses hydrotreatment, katalis NiPt-NH2/LL memiliki aktivitas dan selektifitas katalitik yang paling baik dibandingkan katalis monometal dan bimetal lainnya. Katalis NiPt-NH2/LL menunjukkan kandungan Ni dengan konsentrasi 1.68% dan kandungan Pt sebanyak 0.04%. Katalis NiPt-NH2/LL dengan keasaman 0.17 mmol g-1 mampu menghasilkan fraksi cair sebesar 79.4 wt% yang terdiri dari senyawa hidrokarbon 55,9 wt% pada temperatur 550 celcius dan rasio katalis/umpan 1/50. Proses hydrotreatment kedua menggunakan katalis NiPt-NH2/LL run pertama menghasilkan fraksi cair sebesar 13,9 wt% yang terdiri dari senyawa hidrokarbon 9,9 wt%. Hydrotreatment run ketiga menghasilkan fraksi cair sebesar 28,5 wt% yang mengandung senyawa hidrokarbon 23,7 wt%.

Synthesis of NiPt supported on lapindo mud grafted with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) catalyst for hydrotreatment of waste palm oil into biofuel was carried out. The purpose of this research was to obtain a catalyst with the best activity and selectivity in the production of liquid fraction with a high amount of hydrocarbon compounds. The Ni, Pt, and Ni-Pt metals were supported on the Lapindo mud by wet impregnation method, then calcined at 450 celcius for 3 h under N2 gas flow followed by reduction at 500 celcius for 3 h under H2 gas flow. This process produced LL, Ni/LL, Pt/LL, and NiPt/LL catalysts. These catalysts were then grafted with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) in toluene which produced NH2-LL, Ni-NH2/LL, Pt-NH2/LL, and NiPt-NH2/LL catalysts. These catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and acidity test using pyridine absorption by gravimetric method. The catalysts were used in hydrotreatment of waste palm oil in a semi-batch stainless steel reactor under H2 gas flow (20 mL/min) for 2 h at temperature 550 celcius and catalyst/feed weight ratio 1/50. NiPt-NH2/LL with the highest activity was used for hydrotreatment variations of temperature (500 and 600 celcius) and catalyst/feed weight ratio (1/100 and 1/200). The usability of the best catalyst was continuously tested in second and third run of the hydrotreatment. The liquid fraction products were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that NiPt-NH2/LL catalyst was found to have the best catalytic activity and selectivity compared to other monometal and bimetal catalysts. The NiPt-NH2/LL catalyst showed Ni content of 1.68% and Pt content of 0.04%. NiPt-NH2/LL catalyst with acidity of 0.17 mmol g-1 was able to generate liquid fraction of 79.4 wt% that consist of hydrocarbon compounds of 55.9 wt% at 550 celcius and catalyst/feed weight ratio of 1/50. The second run of hydrocracking process using the first run NiPt-NH2/LL catalyst produced liquid fraction of 13.9 wt% consist of hydrocarbon compounds of 9.9 wt%. The third run of hydrocracking using the second run NiPt-NH2/LL catalyst produced liquid fraction of 28.5 wt% contained hydrocarbon compounds of 23.7 wt%.

Kata Kunci : bimetal catalyst, biofuel, lapindo mud

  1. S1-2021-396006-abstract.pdf  
  2. S1-2021-396006-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S1-2021-396006-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S1-2021-396006-title.pdf