Keanekaragaman Serangga Pengunjung Pertanian Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di Desa Panjangrejo, Pundong, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

LUKITO HIDAYAT K H, Dr. Siti Sumarmi

2020 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Cabai rawit adalah salah satu sektor pertanian yang penting di Indonesia. Kebutuhan cabai rawit di Indonesia termasuk tinggi, sehingga pasokan cabai rawit harus terpenuhi tiap harinya. Cabai rawit menjadi unggulan petani karena dianggap memiliki nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman sayur lain. Dengan potensi peran serangga yang sangat bervariasi, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman spesies serangga pada lahan pertanian cabai rawit. Lokasi penelitian adalah di lahan pertanian cabai rawit Desa Panjangrejo, Pundong, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode koleksi secara langsung dengan tangan maupun jaring dan metode tidak langsung dengan perangkap (pit fall trap). Diperoleh hasil dari dua lahan pertanian cabai rawit yang diteliti sebanyak 554 individu, 204 individu pada lahan non-pestisida dan 350 individu pada lahan dengan pestisida, yang termasuk dalam 30 spesies anggota dari 43 famili dari 8 ordo. Keanekaragaman spesies serangga pengunjung tanaman cabai rawit di Desa Panjangrejo, Pundong, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta adalah tinggi, dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener masing-masing lahan pertanian cabai rawit non-pestisida dan pestisida adalah 3,515 dan 3,428. Peran serangga berdasarkan acuan pustaka diperkirakan berperan sebagai predator, parasitoid, herbivor, nectarivor, polinator, scavenger, dekomposer, detritivor, kleptoparasit, dan omnivor.

Chili is one of agricultural commodities which is important to Indonesia. The requirement of chili is high, so the supply of chili must be fulfilled every day. Chili is a superior for farmers because it is considered to have a higher economic value when compared to other vegetable crops. With the varied potential insect roles, the aim of this study was to determine the diversity of insects in chili farming. The location of this research was in Panjangrejo Village, Pundong, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The methods used on the insect collections were direct and indirect methods. The direct method for insect collections used was direct hand collection and/or with net method. However, pit fall trap was used for the indirect method. The results obtained from two chili farms were studied as many as 554 individuals, 204 individuals on non-pesticide fields and 350 individuals on fields with pesticides, which are included in 30 species of members from 43 families of 8 orders. The diversity of insect species visiting chili fields in Panjangrejo Village, Pundong, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta was at a high level with the value of diversity index of Shannon-Wiener for non-pesticide and with pesticide fields were 3,515 and 3,428 respectively. The insect roles based on literature references is thought to play a role as predators, parasitoids, herbivores, nectarivors, pollinators, scavengers, decomposers, detritivores, kleptoparasites, and omnivores.

Kata Kunci : insect diversity, pesticide, chili farming, insect roles.