The Implementation of Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs) to Tackle the Unemployment Issue: Lesson Learnt from East Germany, Ireland, Africa, and Switzerland for Indonesia.

FADLY EKA PRADANA, Dr. Phil. Oki Rahadianto Sutopo, S.Sos,.M.Si.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI

Pengimplementasian ALMPs telah menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dalam menekan angka pengguran di Jerman Timur, Irlandia, Africa, dan Swiss. Akan tetapi, penerapan ALMPs di Indonesia masih belum menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan dan hanya terbatas pada program-program umum, seperti program padat karya dan pelatihan-pelatihan. Indonesia perlu mempertimbangkan Bridging Allowances dan Start-up Subsidies di Jerman Timur serta Subsidi Ketenagakerjaan di Swiss yang berhasil menurunkan angka pengangguran di negara- negara tersebut. Makalah ini memaparkan pentingnya implementasi ALMPs dan pembelajaran bagi Indonesia dan BP Jamsostek untuk meningkatkan dan mengadaptasi implementasi ALMPs untuk mengatasi masalah pengangguran dari empat diatas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dengan menelaah dokumen, website, jurnal akademik dan laporan organisasi internasional terkait dengan istilah-istilah yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Makalah ini juga menggunakan data statistik pemerintah Indonesia dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) yang berkaitan dengan pengangguran untuk menggambarkan kondisi pengangguran Indonesia saat ini. Social spending dari pemerintah harus menekankan pada pengoptimalan investasi sosial dengan dampak jangka panjang daripada social consumption. ALMPs, yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai investasi sosial, memiliki manfaat jangka panjang untuk mengatasi masalah pengangguran. Contoh implementasi ALMP dalam makalah ini memberikan pembelajaran bagi Indonesia dan BP Jamsostek untuk meningkatkan pelaksanaan Program Padat Karya dan Pelatihan. Selain itu, pemerintah dan BP Jamsostek sangat direkomendasikan untuk mempertimbangkan penerapan Start-up Subsidy dan Employment Subsidy.

The implementation of the ALMPs has shown significant results in alleviating the unemployment rate in East Germany, Ireland, Africa, and Switzerland. However, its implementation in Indonesia has not been satisfying and is only limited to the common programs, such as Labor-Intensive and Training Programs. Indonesia needs to consider the Bridging Allowances and Start-up Subsidies in East Germany as well as Employment Subsidies in Switzerland which have successfully lowered the unemployment rate of these countries. This paper provides the significance of the ALMPs implementation and the lesson learnt for Indonesia and BP Jamsostek to improve and to adapt the implementation of the ALMPs to address the unemployment issue from the four countries aforementioned. The data is collected through literature studies by doing close reading on documents, websites, academic journals and international organization reports related to the terms that are relevant to the research topic. This paper also uses the Indonesian�s government statistical data from the Statistical Bureau of Indonesia (BPS) related to the unemployment to describe current condition of the Indonesia�s unemployment. Social spending should emphasize the optimizing of social investment with long-term impacts rather than on social consumption. The ALMPs, that can be categorized to social investment, offer long-term benefits to tackling the unemployment issue. The examples of the ALMPs implementation in this paper provide insights for Indonesia and BP Jamsostek to improve the implementation of Labor-Intensive and Training Programs. Besides, I would highly recommend the government and BP Jamsostek to consider the implementation of the Start-up Subsidy and the Employment Subsidy.

Kata Kunci : Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs), Unemployment, Social Security