Pa'duppa dan Praktik Patron-Klien dalam Distribusi Perdagangan Ikan di TPI Torobulu, Sulawesi Tenggara

LOWA SATADA, Agus Indiyanto, S.Sos., M.Si.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 ANTROPOLOGI BUDAYA

Usaha sektor perikanan merupakan usaha yang padat modal. Untuk itu institusi dan pola relasi yang secara fungsional berguna dalam akumulasi dan pertukaran modal menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian tentang dinamika akumilasi dan pertukaran modal ini dilakukan untuk memotret dan mendeskripsikan betapa pentingnya posisi seorang Pa'duppa dalam distribusi perdagangan ikan. Permasalahan utama yang dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah peran strategis Pa'duppa dalam distribusi ikan, yang mencakup aktivitas perdagangan ikan, relasi dan rantai perdagangan ikan, serta strategi-strategi yang dijalankan oleh para Pa'duppa untuk melangsungkan bisnisnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Desa Torobulu, Kecamatan Laeya, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, studi literatur, serta dokumentasi (foto/video/suara) dengan beberapa narasumber di antaranya para Pa'duppa, nelayan, pedagang-pedagang ikan, pengelola TPI, dan beberapa warga sekitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika dalam menjalankan bisnisnya Pa'duppa menggunakan pertimbangan-pertimbangan moral, tetapi juga tidak meninggalkan sisi rasional dari apa yang dilakukannya. Selanjutnya, Pa'duppa menjadi kunci suksesnya kegiatan produksi dan distribusi ikan di TPI Torobulu karena mereka memainkan beberapa peran penting yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat di antaranya sebagai penyedia modal, distributor, serta sosok penolong di saat mereka menghadapi kesulitan.

The fishery sector business is a capital intensive business. For this reason, institutions and relationship patterns that are functionally useful in the accumulation and exchange of capital are very important. This research on the dynamics of accumulation and exchange of capital was carried out to capture and describe the importance of a Pa'duppa's position in the distribution of the fish trade. The main problem that is answered in this study is the strategic role of Pa'duppa in fish distribution, which includes fish trading activities, fish trade relations and chains, as well as the strategies implemented by the Pa'duppas to carry out their business. This research was conducted at the Torobulu Fish Auction Market, Torobulu Village, Laeya District, Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The research methods used in this research include participatory observation, in-depth interviews, literature study, and documentation (photo / video / voice) with several informants including Pa'duppa, fishermen, fish traders, Fish Auction Market managers, and several local residents. The results showed that in running the business, Pa'duppa used their moral considerations without leaving their business rational side. Furthermore, Pa'duppa is the key to the success of fish production and distribution activities at Torobulu Fish Auction Market because they play several important roles that are needed by the community, including as a provider of capital, a distributor, as well as a helping figure when they face difficulties.

Kata Kunci : Perdagangan Ikan, Nelayan, Pedagang Perantara, Moralitas, Rasionalitas