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Telemedicine dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan (Studi Fenomenologis Interpretatif Pemahaman Stakeholder Kesehatan terhadap Pengembangan Program Teknologi Telemedis Terintegrasi Indonesia/TEMENIN Tahun 2019)

WINANTI P., Dr. Phil. Ana Nadhya Abrar, M.E.S

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KOMUNIKASI

Perubahan sistem komunikasi kesehatan berbasis telemedicine berkaitan erat dengan perubahan aspek budaya dan pola-pola perubahan lain yang niscaya harus diikuti oleh stakeholder kesehatan. Bahwa apa yang berubah bukan semata soal teknikalisasi kemampuan memahami teknologi telemedicine, tetapi juga soal pemaknaan dan pemahaman relasi komunikasi antar semua pihak dalam dunia kesehatan. Penelitian ini mengaji pengalaman subjektif stakeholder program komunikasi kesehatan berbasis telemedicine TEMENIN 2019, yaitu: dokter SpOG, Kepala Pelayanan Produksi Sistem TI, Konsultan Pengembangan Telemedicine, Kabid Yankes Dinkes Kulon Progo, dan IDI, dalam memahami dan memaknai pengembangan program. Melalui pendekatan fenomenologi Hans-Georg Gadamer, serta refleksi kritis Jurgen Habermas dan Paul Ricoeur, peneliti merumuskan beberapa poin penting. Pertama, pemahaman telemedicine sebagai problem infrastruktur teknis komunikasi kesehatan berdampak pada persoalan sosial maupun moral etis komunikasi pelayanan kesehatan itu sendiri. Pemahaman ini justru membatasi jangkauan pengamatan klinis subjek hanya pada realitas yang tertangkap oleh teknologi secara artifisial, namun kurang bisa menjangkau aspek lebih luas dari dunia kehidupan pasien. Kedua, gagasan pengembangan telemedicine berpengaruh mengubah aspek intensionalitas dan intuisi subjek dalam praktik komunikasi pelayanan kesehatan. Perubahan ini mendorong munculnya distorsi komunikasi yang mampu mereduksi horizon kesepahaman tentang realitas yang dihayati oleh subjek pasien. Ketiga, tradisi dan otoritas memengaruhi pemahaman dan pemaknaan subjek atas pengembangan program, termasuk aspek-aspek komunikasi di dalamnya. Di mana relasi komunikasi termediasi yang semula diperuntukkan untuk mengatasi jarak ruang dan waktu, secara paradoks justru membuka jarak baru. Keempat, intensi relasi subjek dan teknologi cenderung masih dipahami subjek sebagai hubungan sarana, bahkan ada kecenderungan dilihat sebagai peluang bisnis baru, bukan sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi kesenjangan komunikasi kesehatan itu sendiri.

Changes in the-based health communication system telemedicine are closely related to cultural aspects and patterns of change that some must follow stakeholders' health. What has changed is not only a matter of technicalization of the ability to understand technology-telemedicine but also about the meaning of communication relations between all parties in the world of health. This research examines the subjective experiences of stakeholders in the-based health communication program telemedicine TEMENIN 2019, namely: SpOG doctors, Head of IT System Production Services, Development Consultants Telemedicine, Head of Health Care for Health of the Kulon Progo Health Office, and IDI, in understanding and interpreting program development. Through the phenomenological approach of Hans-Georg Gadamer, as well as the critical reflection of Jurgen Habermas and Paul Ricoeur, the researcher formulated several important points. First, understanding telemedicine as a technical health communication infrastructure problem has an impact on social and ethical-moral issues in health service communication itself. This understanding limits the range of clinical observations of subjects only to the realities that are captured by technology artificially but are less able to reach wider aspects of the patient's world of life. Second, the idea of developing telemedicine has an affects on changing the intentionality and intuition aspects of the subject in the practice of health service communication. This change encourages the emergence of communication distortions that can reduce the horizon of understanding about the reality shared by the patient's subject. Third, tradition and authority influence the subject's understanding and meaning of program development, including aspects of communication in it. Where the mediated communication relation was originally intended to overcome the distance of space and time, paradoxically it opens up new distances. Fourth, the intention of the subject and technology relations tends to be understood by the subject as a means of relation, there is even a tendency to be seen as a new business opportunity, not as an effort to overcome the gap in health communication itself.

Kata Kunci : telemedicine, kesepahaman, horizon, interpretasi, intuisi, komunikasi kesehatan.

  1. S2-2020-434299-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2020-434299-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2020-434299-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2020-434299-title.pdf