Aspek-aspek spistemologis neo-modernisme Fazlur Rahman dan kontribusinya bagi epistemologi Islam

AKROMULLAH, Hamdan, Prof.Dr. Hj. Endang Daruni Asdi

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Filsafat

Penelirian ini membahas renrang aspei-asp& eyisteinoiogis neoinodemisine Fazliir Ralimaii daii koiiu-ibusinya bagi episremologi Islam, yang bertiljuan unruk: i ) inenginventarisasi dan meriunuskaii pemikiran neoinodemisine Fazlur Raliman; 2) membahas bagaimaria corak peniikiran neomodernisme Fazlur Rahman; 3) membahas apa saja aspek-aspek epistemologi dalam neo-modernisme Fazlur Rahman; 4) meinbahas apa kontribusi pemikiran neo-modernisme Fazlur Rahinan bagi epistemologi Islain. Penelitian ini merupakan telaah kepustakaan yang bersifat literal, dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku dan karya-karya tiilis Fazliir Rahman yang bei-hublingan dengan pen el i ti an, biku-buku, makalah-makal ah, jurnal-j iunal dan suinber-surnber lain yang membalias tentang pemikiraii Fazlur Raltman sebagai iambahan. Penel i ti an in i periel iti an hi storis faktual yang bersi far anal i si s-sin tesi s, dengan unsur-unsurnya sebagai berikut: interpretasi, koherensi intern, kesinambungan historis, komparasi, lieuristika, deskripsi, refleksi. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini I j karakteristik inendasar gerakan neo-modernisme adalah terletak pada perhatiannya yang dalain pada tradisi Islam. Gerakan neo-modernisme berusaha untuk inembangun visi Islam di inasa modem, dengan sama sekali tidak rneninggalkan tradisi, warisan intelektual is1 am; 2) metode penafsiran al-Quran Fazliu Rahman disebut dengan teori double movemen/. Langkali pertaina dari gerakan pertaina teori double movement adalali mempelajari latar belakang pernyataan tersebut merupakan jawabannya. Langkah kedua adalah membedakan antara ketetapan legal dengan sasaran dan tujuan al- Quran. Gerakan kedua adalah memperhatikan antara ketetapan legal dan sasaran dari tujuan al-Quran bagaimaria dapat disosidisasikan dalam koteks kekinian; 3) pola pikir Fazliir Rahman sangat dipengaruhi, selain oleh tradisi Islard, juga oleh gerakan-gerakan yang lahir di zaman modern, terutama periode sesudah Perang Dunia 11, seperti Humanisme, Anthropologi Kefilsafatan, Aliran Anaha Bahasa, Neo-Positivisme dan Filsafat Ilinu; 4) metodologi, akal, dan Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan adalah persoalan-persoalan epistemologis yang utama dalam neomodernisme Fazlur Rahman; 5) selain akal Fazlur Rahman juga tetap mengakui peran panca indera untuk memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan. Penulis mengelompokkan Fazlur Rahman ke dalam alimn Rasionalisme-bitis, dengan alasan Fazlur Rahman telah mengembangkan prinsip-prinsip rasionalisine dengan mengkritik dan menyempurnakannya; 6) menurut Fazlur Rallman ilmu pengetahuan itu adalah benar, tergantung pada penggunaannya. Pengginaannya yang menjadikan ilmu itu benar dan salah; 7) swnbangan terbesar Fazlur Rahman bagi umat Islam adalah perombakan konsepsi umat Islam tentang epistemologi yang telali inembuat peinikiran mat Islam rigid, puritan, dan dikotomis dalam memecahkan persoalan yang mengakibatkan umat Islam sulit untuk berpikir sintesis, elastis, dan praLmatis. Fazlur Rahman telali memberikan altematif berpikir bagi kaum muslimin.

This research is discussing tlie epistemoloby aspects of neo-modernism of Fazliir Rahman and the conrribiiiion Tor the Islamic epistemology tliai has goals for: I ) to take inventory and to formulate his thought of neo-modernism; 2j to discuss what is the characteristic of his neo-modeniisni, 3) to discuss ail epistemoloby aspects in his neo-modernism; 4) to discuss what is the contribution of his neo-modernism for Islamic epistemology. This research is a literal library research It is done by collecting books and his paper tlial have conneclion to a research, books, papers, journals, and other sources that discussed Fazlur Rahman as an addition. This research is using factual historical method which basically applying analysis-synthesis with these aspects: interpretation, internal coherent, historical continuity, comparative, heiiri sti c, descriptive, and reflective. The conclusions from this research are 1) the fundamental characteristic of neo-modernism movement can be seen in his deep concern on tlie Islarnic tradition. The neo-modernism movement was trying to build Islamic vision in the modem era without disinissing tradition and intellectual heritage o€ Is1am;Z) Fazlur Rahman’s method to interpret al-@ran is called double movement theory. The first step of the first movement of this theory was to learn the background of a respond for one statement. The second step was to differentiate between legal certainty in al-Quran to target and aim of al-Quran. The second movement was to socialize the legal certainty to target and aim of Al-Quran in this actual context; 3) the movements that was starting on contemporary modern era, mainly after World War I1 period such as Humanism, Philosophy Anthropology, Analysii Language School, Neo-Positivism, and Science Philosophy along with Islamic tradition was really influencing Fazlur Rahman’s way of thinking; 4) methodology, intellectual, and islamisation of the science are the main epistemology problems on the Fazlur Rahman modernism. Besides intellectual, Fazlur Rahman was still admitting the role of sense of experience to get the science. The author classified Fazlur Rahman to Critical-Rationalism because he developed rationalism principles by criticizing and completing this principles; 5) According to him science it self is correct, it depends on the use of it. The use of it is very crucial whether or not the science is correct. According to him the inost important thing is not creating Islamic science, but how to create the intellectual that thinks positively and constnictively based on Islam is more important; 6) The greatest Fazlur Rahman’s contribution for Islamic society was the deconstruction of the concept of the Islamic society about episteinology that already made the thought of Islamic society rigid, puritan, and dichotomy on solving problems that caused Islamic society difficult to think synthesically, elastically, and pragmatically. Fazlur Ralunan has given alternative choice for Moslem community to think of.

Kata Kunci : Epistemologi Islam,Neo Modernisme Fazlur Rahman, Neo-modeiiiism - Nistorical Islam -Nonnative Islam - Rigid Islam - Puritan - Dichotomy - Islamic Epistemology