DEGRADASI BIOPLASTIK BERBASIS AMILUM DAN PET (POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTALATE) OLEH BEBERAPA SPESIES JAMUR

Devi Sayekti Putri, Dr. Ir. Ngadiman, M. Si.; Prof. Ir. Triwibowo Yuwono, Ph.D.; Ir. Donny Widianto, Ph.D.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 MIKROBIOLOGI PERTANIAN

Bioplastik merupakan jenis plastik yang tersusun dari bahan yang berasal dari biomassa dan mudah diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme seperti jamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan beberapa spesies jamur (Aspergillus sp. Ogb, Aspergillus barwald, Aspergillus carbonarius, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizopus sp., dan Mucor sp.) dalam mendegradasi bioplastik berbasis amilum dan PET. Uji daya amilolitik spesies jamur secara kualitatif dilakukan dengan metode inokulasi titik (point inoculation) pada medium yang mengandung amilum. Aktivitas enzim amilase dilakukan dengan mengukur produk glukosa dengan metode DNS. Uji degradasi bioplastik diukur melalui penurunan bobot bioplastik dalam medium kultur selama inkubasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya amilolitik dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah dicapai oleh spesies jamur Aspergillus sp. Ogb, A. carbonarius, Rhizopus sp., A. barwald, Mucor sp., dan T. harzianum. Aktivitas enzim amilase jamur Aspergillus sp. Ogb, A. barwald, A. carbonarius, T. harzianum, Rhizopus sp., dan Mucor sp. berturut-turut sebesar 22,59; 23,41; 22,82; 19,20; 25,06; 19,59 U/mg protein. Semua jamur yang diujikan mampu mendegradasi bioplastik berbasis amilum dan PET, tetapi Rhizopus sp. memiliki kemampuan tertinggi dalam menurunkan berat lembar bioplastik, yaitu sebesar 5,24% selama inkubasi 30 hari.

Bioplastic is a type of plastic that is composed of materials derived from biomass and is easily degraded by microorganisms such as fungi. This study aims to determine the ability of several species of fungi (Aspergillus sp. Ogb, Aspergillus barwald, Aspergillus carbonarius, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp.) in degrading amylum and PET-based bioplastic. The amylolytic test of fungal species was qualitatively carried out by the point inoculation method in the medium containing starch. The amylase activity is carried out by measuring glucose product using DNS method. The degradation toward bioplastic is measured by decreasing the weight of bioplastics in the culture medium during incubation. The results showed that the highest to lowest amylolytic activity was achieved by fungus species of Aspergillus sp Ogb, A. carbonarius, Rhizopus sp., A. barwald, Mucor sp., and T. harzianum. The amylase activity of Aspergillus sp. Ogb, A. barwald, A. carbonarius, T. harzianum, Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp. was 22,59; 23,41; 22,82; 19,20; 25,06; 19,59 U/mg protein respectively. All tested fungi were able to degrade starch and PET-based bioplastics which Rhizopus sp. showed the highest ability in reducing the bioplatic weight, which is 5.24% within 30 days.

Kata Kunci : jamur, amilolitik, degradasi, bioplastik