Dampak Ekonomi Penyakit Hipertensi Berdasarkan Perspektif Pasien di RS Condong Catur

SHERLY NOVENTI, Dr. apt. Dwi Endarti, M.Sc.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas terbesar di dunia. Penyakit tersebut bersifat menetap dan penyembuhannya membutuhkan perawatan dalam periode waktu yang lama serta membawa dampak ekonomi cukup besar bagi penderitanya. Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) oleh pemerintah melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) berupaya menjamin pemeliharaan kesehatan pasien peyakit kronis di Indonesia. Namun, biaya yang ditanggung JKN terbatas pada biaya medis langsung. Biaya non medis langsung dan biaya tidak langsung tetap menjadi beban pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui total biaya penyakit hipertensi berdasarkan perspektif pasien meliputi biaya medis langsung, biaya non medis langsung, dan biaya tidak langsung, faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya, serta kemauan pasien untuk melakukan cost sharing. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode wawancara pasien dengan menggunakan lembar pengumpul data. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 pasien. Dari 30 pasien didapatkan total 105 kasus rawat jalan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat gambaran estimasi biaya sakit hipertensi dan kemauan pasien melakukan cost sharing, serta dilakukan analisis uji beda untuk melihat faktor karakteristik pasien yang mempengaruhi biaya pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Condong Catur pada bulan Februari 2020-Maret 2020. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan biaya medis langsung pasien hipertensi per episode rawat jalan yaitu sebesar Rp9.067, biaya non medis langsung Rp12.073, dan biaya tidak langsung Rp85.868 serta total biaya Rp107.007. Sebanyak 17 dari 30 responden bersedia melakukan cost sharing. 100% nya bersedia berkontribusi 10%, 17,65% diantaranya bersedia berkontribusi 20%, 30%, dan 40%, serta 11,76% nya bersedia berkontribusi 50% hingga 100%. Faktor adanya penyakit lain berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya medis langsung. Faktor status pendidikan, status bekerja, dan penghasilan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya tidak langsung hipertensi. Biaya tidak langsung merupakan komponen biaya terbesar pasien hipertensi rawat jalan dengan status peserta JKN di RS Condong Catur.

Hypertension is a chronic disease which has caused the greatest morbidity and mortality in the world. The cure to this permanent disease includes treatment for a long period of time and has a significant economic impact on the sufferer. National Health Insurance Program (JKN) held by the government through Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) seeks to ensure the healthcare of patients with chronic disease in Indonesia. However, the costs covered by JKN are limited to direct medical costs, while the patients are still responsible for non-medical costs and indirect costs. The aim of the study was to determine the total cost of hypertension treatment based on the patient's perspective including direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs, as well as contributing factors to cost and patient willingness to do cost sharing. The study was conducted based on cross-sectional research design. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with the patients using data collection sheet. The sampling method was convenience sampling, which was resulted in 30 patients as samples. From 30 patients, 105 outpatient cases were obtained. Data were analyzed descriptively to estimate the cost of hypertension treatment and patient willingness to do cost-sharing, an analysis based on a difference test was conducted to determine the characteristics of patients as a contributing factor to the cost of hypertension. This study was conducted at Condong Catur Hospital in February 2020-March 2020. The results showed that direct medical costs of hypertension patients per outpatient episode was Rp9.067, the direct non-medical costs Rp12.073, and indirect costs Rp85.868 and the total cost was Rp107.007. From 30 respondents, 17 of them are willing to do cost sharing. 100% of them willing to contribute 10%, 17.65% are willing to contribute 20%, 30%, and 40%, and 11.76% are willing to contribute 50% to 100%. Comorbidity was factor significantly associated with direct medical cost, while educational status, employment status and income were factors significantly associated with indirect cost of hypertension. Indirect cost was the largest cost of hypertension outpatients registered in JKN at Condong Catur Hospital.

Kata Kunci : Farmakoekonomi, cost of illness, perspektif pasien, penyakit kronis