Analisis Harga Obat E-Catalogue pada Periode Sebelum dan Sesudah Era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya di PT Kimia Farma Tbk

MONICA HUTASOIT, Dr. apt. Satibi, M.Si.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Indonesia mengubah sistem pengadaan obat menjadi e-catalogue untuk menjamin ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan obat. Sistem JKN menerapkan kebijakan low price pada penetapan harga obat bagi industri farmasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan penetapan harga obat e-catalogue, peran faktor produksi dan faktor kebijakan dalam menetapkan harga obat e-catalogue pada periode sebelum dan sesudah era JKN di PT Kimia Farma Tbk. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah penelusuran dokumen data sekunder, yaitu Daftar Plafon Harga Obat (DPHO) 2013, data kapasitas produksi dari laporan tahunan PT Kimia Farma Tbk tahun 2015 dan 2018 dan dokumentasi data Lembaga Kebijakan dan Pengadaan barang/jasa Pemerintah (LKPP) berupa harga obat e-catalogue tahun 2015 dan 2018, melakukan validasi pedoman wawancara mendalam kepada expert judgment dan wawancara mendalam terhadap karyawan dari bagian produksi dan marketing di PT Kimia Farma Tbk. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari pembuatan transkrip wawancara, interpretasi data, trend harga obat, dan indeks harga obat menggunakan Microsoft Excel Office 365. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan berupa penurunan dan kenaikan harga obat e-catalogue pada tahun 2015 dan 2018. Faktor produksi memberikan pengaruh penetapan harga obat karena biaya produksi memengaruhi penurunan atau kenaikan harga obat e-catalogue. Peran faktor kebijakan yang meliputi perubahan badan penyelenggara, sistem pengadaan obat, penggunaan obat generik dan harga obat berdampak pada kebijakan penetapan harga di PT Kimia Farma yang mengakibatkan adanya penurunan dan kenaikan harga obat e-catalogue di era JKN.

Indonesia's social health insurance (JKN) changed the drug procurement system to an e-catalogue to ensure the availability and affordability of drugs. The JKN system implements low price policy on drug pricing for the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the drug pricing of e-catalogue drugs and effects of the production factors and pharmaceutical policy factors for drug pricing in e-catalogue before and after the JKN in pharmaceutical industry of PT Kimia Farma Tbk. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected secondary data of Medicine Price Plafond List System (DPHO) 2013, production capacity data from the 2015 and 2018 from annual reports of PT Kimia Farma and the price list of e-catalogue drugs in 2015 and 2018 from Indonesia's National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP) documention, validated the in-depth interview question to expert judgment and was conduct-in depth interviews with employees from division of production and marketing department in the pharmaceutical industry of PT Kimia Farma Tbk. The data analysis were making the interview transcripts, interpretation data, trends of drug prices, calculated ratio of e-catalogue's drug prices in Microsoft Excel Office 365. The results of the analysis showed that there are the differences of drug pricing. The drugs in e-catalogue of 2015 and 2018 experienced the price decrease and increase. Production factors affect the price of drugs because production costs made the decrease or increase in drug pricing of e-catalogue. Pharmaceutical policy factors were changed, its changes are the Indonesia's social health insurance system, its management agency, and the procurement system for the drugs of e-catalogue. It affects the drug pricing policies in the pharmaceutical industry of PT Kimia Farma which are the drugs in e-catalogue's price decrease and increase.

Kata Kunci : Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), e-catalogue, penetapan harga obat, industri farmasi / Indonesia's social health insurance (JKN), e-catalogue, drug pricing, pharmaceutical industry