Pengetahuan, Kejadian, dan Sikap Masyarakat terhadap Efek Samping Obat di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

LATHIFAH NURUL IRBAH, Dr. apt. Fita Rahmawati, Sp. FRS.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Efek samping obat yang merugikan atau Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) sering terjadi dalam pelayanan kesehatan dan berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup pasien karena dapat menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup besar. Kejadian efek samping obat semakin meningkat dengan banyaknya jumlah obat di pasaran, banyaknya obat yang dikonsumsi dan bertambahnya umur. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan perbaikan sikap masyarakat terhadap efek samping obat menjadi penting untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap kejadian efek samping obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, kejadian, dan sikap masyarakat Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta terhadap efek samping obat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif menggunakan kuisioner yang diberikan langsung kepada responden maupun secara online selama periode Februari�April 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara convenience sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 183. Data yang diambil meliputi pengetahuan masyarakat, kejadian efek samping obat, dan sikap masyarakat terhadap efek samping obat. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan pengetahuan, kejadian, dan sikap masyarakat terhadap efek samping obat. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat baik pengetahuan mengenai definisi efek samping obat maupun pentingnya pelaporan efek samping obat sudah cukup baik. Dari 183 responden yang diperoleh sebanyak 72 (39,3%) responden menyatakan mengalami efek samping obat. Mayoritas efek samping obat yang dialami berupa mengantuk diikuti sakit kepala dan gatal. Sikap masyarakat terhadap efek samping obat yang dialami yaitu melaporkan kejadian efek samping obat kepada tenaga kesehatan meliputi dokter (72,9%), apoteker (16,2%), dan perawat (13,5%) atau sekedar diceritakan di media sosial (24,3%). Namun terdapat pula masyarakat yang tidak melaporkan dikarenakan gejala efek samping obat yang dialami tidak cukup berbahaya.

Drug side effect or adverse drug reactions (ADR) often occur in health care and adversely affect patient's quality of life as they can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. The incidence of drug side effects is increasing with the number of drugs on the market, the number of medications consumed and increasing age. Improved knowledge and improved public attitudes towards drug side effects became essential to increasing alertness to the incidence of drug side effects. The purpose of this research is to know the knowledge, events, and attitudes of the people in special region of Yogyakarta against the side effects of the drug. This research was a cross sectional research with prospective data retrieval with the questionnaire that was given directly to the respondent or online during the period of February - April 2020. The population in this research was the community in Yogyakarta. Sampling was done in a convenience sampling, with a sample amount of 183. The population in this research was the community in Yogyakarta. The data captured includes community knowledge, incidence of drug side effects, and public attitudes towards drug side effect. The data obtained was then analyzed and grouped by the knowledge, events, and attitudes of the public against drug side effect. From the results of this study came the conclusion that the knowledge of society both knowledge about the definition of drug side effect and the importance of drug side effect reporting is good enough. From 183 respondents acquired, there were 72 (39, 3%) respondents experienced a drug side effect. The majority of drug side effect experienced were drowsiness followed by headaches and itching. The public attitude towards the drug side effect experienced was to report the drug side effect incident to healthcare personnel including doctors (72.9%), pharmacist (16.2%), and nurses (13.5%) or just told on social media (24.3%). But there were also people who did not report because the drug side effect symptoms were not harmful enough.

Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, kejadian, sikap, efek samping obat, masyarakat, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.