Gambaran Pengelolaan Vaksin di Puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman Bagian Timur

ELIZABETH HENNY I, apt. Septimawanto Dwi Prasetyo, M.Si.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Vaksin merupakan produk biologis yang sangat rentan sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan vaksin yang tepat untuk menjaga kualitas vaksin. Kualitas vaksin perlu dipertahankan sejak vaksin diproduksi sampai sebelum diberikan kepada sasaran. Pengelolaan vaksin yang tepat juga perlu didukung oleh petugas yang terlatih dan bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengelolaan vaksin dan tingkat pengetahuan pengelola vaksin di puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman bagian timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang diperoleh dari enam puskesmas di Kabupaten Sleman bagian timur. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari observasi langsung, wawancara, dan pengisian kuesioner. Data kemudian dianalisis secara statistik berupa persentase. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi yang menggambarkan pengelolaan vaksin dan tingkat pengetahuan pengelola vaksin. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa tingkat pengetahuan petugas pengelola vaksin tergolong baik. Aspek tingkat pengetahuan yang tergolong baik adalah aspek perencanaan, penyimpanan, pencatatan dan pelaporan vaksin, sedangkan aspek distribusi dan penggunaan vaksin tergolong kurang baik. Pengetahuan petugas terkait perencanaan kebutuhan cold chain, pendistribusian vaksin, masa pemakaian vaksin, shake test, waktu pemantauan suhu vaksin, dan indeks pemakaian vaksin masih kurang baik. Pada penelitian ditemukan bahwa semua aspek pengelolaan vaksin sudah tergolong baik, namun masih ditemukan beberapa hal yang kurang baik. Perencanaan kebutuhan vaksin yang tidak sesuai dengan penggunaan pada 33,33% puskesmas, yaitu terdapat 33,33% puskesmas mengalami over stock vaksin. Sebanyak 50% puskesmas belum menyimpan vaksin dengan memberi jarak antar kotaknya. Masih terdapat 66,67% puskesmas memiliki vaksin yang kedaluwarsa, 50% belum memisahkan limbah vial/ampul dengan ADS, dan 33,33% belum mencatat suhu vaksin pada saat libur.

Vaccines are biological products that are very vulnerable so vaccine management is needed to keep quality of vaccine. The quality of vaccines needs to be maintained from the time the vaccine is produced until it is administered to the patient. Vaccine management also needs to be supported by trained and responsible healthcare staff. This study aimed to determine vaccine management and the knowledge level of vaccine management officer in the first level healthcare facilities in the eastern Sleman region. This study is an observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from six of first level health facilities in the eastern Sleman. Data collection was obtained from direct observation, interviews, and filling out questionnaires. The data then analyzed statistically in the form of a percentage. Data was presented in tabular and narrative form that describe vaccine management and vaccine management officer knowledge level. In this study it was known that the knowledge of vaccine management officers was good. Aspects of knowledge that were classified as good were aspects of planning, storage, recording and reporting of vaccines. While aspects of vaccine distribution and use were not good. Regarding, the knowledge of vaccine management about cold chain requirements planning, vaccine distribution, vaccine use period, shake test, temperature monitoring time, and vaccine use index were not good. In the study it was found that all aspects of vaccine management are good, but still found several things that were not good. Vaccine planning that was not suitable for use in 50% of first level healthcare facilities and 50% over vaccine. As many as 50% of study subjects did not save the vaccine by giving a distance between the boxes. There were still 66.67% of research subjects having outdated vaccines, 50% have not separated vaccine waste, and 33.33% have not recorded temperatures during holidays.

Kata Kunci : pengelolaan vaksin, pengelola vaksin, puskesmas