Peran Stakeholder dalam Reforestasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

FATIRAHMA MUSTAFA, Ir. Agam Marsoyo, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Reforestasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi tutupan hutan. Tahun 2000, tutupan hutan DIY hanya 17,42% dari luas wilayah DIY yang mencakup tutupan hutan negara dan hutan hak. Tahun 2016, tutupan hutan DIY telah mencapai 31,63% dari luas wilayah DIY. Keberhasilan reforestasi terjadi dalam kurun waktu 16 tahun. Stakeholder yang terlibat memiliki peranan atas keberhasilan reforestasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan tipologi peran stakeholder dan menemukan motivasi yang melatarbelakangi keterlibatan stakeholder tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian induktif kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi kasus di DIY, dengan mencakup 14 unit amatan baik di hutan negara maupun di hutan hak. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah peran stakeholder dan motivasi yang melatarbelakangi keterlibatan stakeholder dalam mendukung upaya reforestasi di DIY. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, pengumpulan data sekunder. Selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis melalui tahapan konseptualisasi hingga akan ditemukan tipologi peran stakeholder dan motivasi yang melatarbelakangi keterlibatan stakeholder. Kemudian hasil analisis tersebut didialogkan dengan berdasar pada teori yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya,sehingga diketahui kontribusi teoritik yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipologi peran stakeholder yang terlibat dalam reforestasi yaitu pembuat kebijakan, perencana, fasilitator, pelaksana, dan peneliti. Dalam menjalankan perannya tersebut, ada kepentingan-kepentingan tertentu yang melatarbelakangi keterlibatan stakeholder. Adapun motivasi yang melatarbelakangi keterlibatan stakeholder yang terlibat dalam mendukung upaya reforestasi di DIY yaitu karena: (1) kepentingan ekologi, (2) kepentingan politik, (3) kepentingan ekonomi, (4) kepentingan mendukung penelitian, dan (5) kepentingan untuk mematuhi aturan.

Reforestation is a a kind of method in order to improve the condition of forest cover. Proportion of forest cover area in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta in 2000 is 17,42% of the total area of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta which includes state forest cover and private forest. Kind of reforestation activities are carried out in order to improve and increase the area of forest cover in DIY. In 2016, proportion of forest cover area in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta is 31,63% of the total area of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The success of reforestation occurred within a period of 16 years. Stakeholders involved in various forms of involvement have a role in the success of reforestation. Therefore, stakeholders analysis becomes important in order to formulate a typology of the roles of stakeholders involved in reforestation. This study aims to find out the typology of stakeholders role and to find the motivation behind the involvement of stakeholders. The research method was using an inductive qualitative research method. This research took place in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta with 14 location in state forest and private forest. This research scope was on role and the motivation behind the involvement of stakeholders to support reforestation in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data collection was done through interviews, observation, and secondary data collection. Furthermore, the data was analyzed through the conceptualization stage until typology of stakeholders roles and the motivation behind the involvement of stakeholders would be found. Then these results would be dialogued based on the theories and propositions that have been determined before so that the theoritical contributions would be known from this study. The results showed that typology roles of stakeholders are as: (1) policy creator, (2) planner, (3) facilitator, (4) implementer, and (5) researcher. There were certain interests that underlie stakeholders involvement. The study found that there were 6 interests of stakeholders in supporting reforestation, such as: (1) ecology interests, (2) politic interests, (3) economic interests, (4) desire to develop aspect of education and research, and (5) desire to follow the law.

Kata Kunci : hutan, motivasi, peran, reforestasi, stakeholder, tipologi