KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

SLAMET ISKANDAR, Prof. DR. Ir. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, MS

2020 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PERTANIAN

Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mempunyai ketersediaan pangan yang cukup, tetapi masih terdapat desa rawan pangan dan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1). perbedaan tingkat ketercapaian indikator ketahanan pangan berdasarkan karakteristik rumah tangga; 2). perbedaan tingkat ketercapaian indikator ketahanan pangan dan ketahanan pangan berdasarkan daerah tingkat II; 3). faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan. Jumlah sampel 1.160 rumah tangga. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder susenas 2015. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan kesatu adalah Independent t-test, kedua adalah one way anova, dan ketiga adalah Ordinary Least Square. Hasil analisis Independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa; 1). tingkat keterjangkauan pangan, keberagaman pangan, dan keseimbangan zat gizi sumber energi rumah tangga di kota lebih tinggi daripada di desa. Namun tingkat kecukupan energi di kota lebih rendah daripada di desa; 2). tingkat keterjangkauan pangan, keberagaman pangan, dan keseimbangan zat gizi sumber energi rumah tangga bukan petani lebih tinggi daripada petani. Tidak ada perbedaan tingkat kecukupan energi pada keduanya; 3). tingkat keterjangkauan pangan, kecukupan energi, keberagaman pangan, dan keseimbangan zat gizi sumber energi rumah tangga tidak miskin lebih tinggi daripada yang miskin; 4). tingkat keterjangkauan pangan, kecukupan energi, keberagaman pangan, dan keseimbangan zat gizi sumber energi rumah tangga bukan penerima raskin lebih tinggi daripada penerima raskin. Hasil analisis one way anova menunjukkan bahwa; 1). keterjangkauan pangan rumah tangga Kabupaten Bantul, Gunung Kidul, dan Kota Yogyakarta lebih tinggi daripada Kabupaten Sleman dan Kulon Progo; 2). Kabupaten Bantul, Kulon Progo, Sleman, dan Kota Yogyakarta mempunyai kecukupan energi yang tidak berbeda. Kabupaten Gunung Kidul mempunyai kecukupan energi yang paling rendah; 3). keberagaman pangan Kota Yogyakarta, Kabupaten Bantul, dan Gunung Kidul lebih tinggi daripada Kabupaten Sleman dan Kulon Progo; 4). Tidak ada perbedaan keseimbangan zat gizi sumber energi di semua daerah tingkat II; 5). Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul mempunyai ketahanan pangan yang sama dan lebih tinggi dari Kabupaten Sleman, Gunung Kidul, dan Kulon Progo. Hasil analisis Ordinary Least Square menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, dan pendapatan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. Semakin banyak jumlah anggota rumah tangga akan menurunkan ketahanan pangan. Rumah tangga yang tinggal di kota lebih tahan pangan daripada di desa. Rumah tangga petani lebih tahan pangan daripada bukan petani. Rumah tangga tidak miskin lebih tahan pangan daripada yang miskin. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga penerima raskin tidak berbeda dengan bukan penerima raskin.

Yogyakarta Special Region Province has sufficient food availability, but there were vulnerable of food and nutrition villages. This study aimed to find out: 1). differences in the level of achievement of indicators of food security based on household characteristics; 2). differences in the level of achievement of indicators of food security and food security by region level II; 3). factors affecting food security. Total sample of 1,160 households. The data used were secondary susenas 2015 data. Analysis of the data used to answer the first goal was the Independent t-test, the second was one way anova, and the third was Ordinary Least Square. The results of the Independent t-test analysis showed that; 1). the level of food affordability, food diversity, and the balance of nutrients in household energy sources in cities was higher than in villages. But the level of energy sufficiency in cities was lower than in villages; 2). the level of food affordability, food diversity, and nutrient balance of non-farmer household energy sources was higher than farmers. There was no difference in the level of energy sufficiency in both; 3). the level of food affordability, energy sufficiency, food diversity, and the nutrient balance of energy sources non-poor household was higher than the poor; 4). the level of food affordability, energy sufficiency, food diversity, and the nutrient balance of non-Raskin recipient household energy sources was higher than raskin recipients. One way ANOVA analysis results show that; 1). the affordability of household food in Bantul, Gunung Kidul and Yogyakarta districts was higher than in Sleman and Kulon Progo Regencies; 2). Bantul, Kulon Progo, Sleman and Yogyakarta City have energy suites that were no different. Gunung Kidul Regency has the lowest energy sufficiency; 3). food diversity of the City of Yogyakarta, Bantul Regency, and Gunung Kidul were higher than Sleman and Kulon Progo Regencies; 4). There was no difference in the balance of nutrients in energy sources in all level II regions; 5). Yogyakarta City and Bantul Regency have the same food security and are higher than Sleman, Gunung Kidul and Kulon Progo Regencies. Ordinary Least Square analysis results show that increasing maternal age, maternal education, and income can increase food security. More and more household members will reduce food security. Households living in cities were more food security than in villages. Farmer households were more food resistant than non-farmers. Non-poor households were more food security than poor ones. The food security of raskin recipient households was no different from non-raskin recipients.

Kata Kunci : Ketahanan Pangan, Rumah Tangga, Yogyakarta