HABITAT DAN POTENSI PERBURUAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP POPULASI IMAGO Oryctes rhinoceros DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT

ANUGERAH P PRADIPTA, Prof. Dr. Ir. F. X. Wagiman, S.U.; Dr. Ir. Witjaksono, M.Sc.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU HAMA TANAMAN

Kumbang badak (Oryctes rhinoceros) merupakan hama utama kelapa sawit baik pada tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM) maupun tanaman menghasilkan (TM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan O. rhinoceros pada berbagai tempat peneluran, mengevaluasi kinerja orang berburu O. rhinoceros dan menganalisis dampak koleksi O. rhinoceros di tempat perkembangbiakan terhadap hasil koleksi imago O. rhinoceros dengan perangkap feromon. Kajian dilakukan di Perkebunan Sawit Sei Silau PTPN III, Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian meliputi tiga tahap. Pertama, kajian habitat dan potensi breeding sites O. rhinoceros. Kedua, kajian kelimpahan dan struktur umur O. rhinoceros pada berbagai breeding sites. Ketiga, evaluasi kinerja orang berburu O. rhinoceros di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Keempat, kajian pengaruh koleksi O. rhinoceros di tempat perkembangbiakan terhadap hasil tangkapan imago O. rhinoceros menggunakan perangkap feromon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan O. rhinoceros pada lokasi TBM relatif sama dengan TM dan keduanya signifikan lebih tinggi daripada tumpukan tandan kosong yaitu berturut-turut 1.427, 1.350 dan 565 ekor/2 jam. Komposisi stadia O. rhinoceros didominasi oleh instar III (54,00%) diikuti instar II (17,68%), instar I (17,34%), pupa (5,02%), imago (3,92%) dan telur (2,04%). Kemampuan koleksi kumbang badak oleh Laki-laki Remaja, Laki-laki Dewasa, Perempuan Remaja, dan Perempuan Dewasa, berturut-turut sebanyak 153,60�±27,82; 179,00�±39,08; 80,80�±23,05; dan 214,80�±46,01 ekor/2 jam. Gender tidak berpengaruh signifikan, tetapi umur berpengaruh signifikan dan interaksi antar Gender dan Umur juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap potensi berburu kumbang badak. Kemampuan berburu O. rhinoceros oleh perempuan remaja signifikan paling rendah. Koleksi kumbang badak (larva, pupa dan imago) di tempat perkembangbiakan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengurangan jumlah imago yang tertangkap dengan perangkap feromon.

The rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is a major pest of oil palms on immature plants (IP) and mature plants (MP). This research aimed to determine the abundance of O. rhinoceros in various breeding sites, to evaluate the performance of O. rhinoceros hunters and to analyze the impact of O. rhinoceros collection at breeding sites on the collection result of O. rhinoceros adult with pheromone traps. The research was conducted at PTPN III Sei Silau Oil Palm Plantation, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra. The research comprised of three steps. First, study on the habitat and potency of O. rhinoceros breeding sites. Second, the study on abundance and age structure of O. rhinoceros at various breeding sites. Third, study on the evaluation of people performance to hunt O. rhinoceros in the oil palm plantations. Fourth, study on the effect of O. rhinoceros collection at breeding sites to the catch of O. rhinoceros adult using pheromone traps. Results showed that the abundance of O. rhinoceros at IP locations was relatively the same as MP and both were significantly higher than at empty fruit bunches, namely 1,427, 1,350 and 565 individuals/ 2 hours, respectively. The composition of the O. rhinoceros stages was dominated by 3rd instar (54.00%) followed by 2nd instar (17.68%), 1st (17.34%), pupa (5.02%), adult (3.92%) and egg (2.04%). The abilites to collect rhinoceros beetles by Adolescent Boy, Adult Men, Adolescent Girl, and Adult Women, were 153.60 �± 27.82; 179.00 �± 39.08; 80.80 �± 23.05; and 214.80 �± 46.01 individuals/2 hours, respectively. Gender had no significant effect, but age had a significant effect and the interaction between Gender and Age also had a significant effect on the potential for hunting rhinoceros beetles. The hunting ability of O. rhinoceros by adolescent girls was significantly the lowest. The collection of rhinoceros beetle (larvae, pupae and adults) in the breeding sites had a significant effect on reducing the number of adult caught with pheromone traps.

Kata Kunci : breeding site, gender, kelapa sawit, koleksi, Oryctes rhinoceros/ breeding sites, collection, gender, oil palm, Oryctes rhinoceros