STRATEGI PENERJEMAHAN UJARAN SARKASME BESERTA ORIENTASINYA DALAM TIGA FILM KARYA SACHA BARON COHEN

GHUSTIVA LIANI, Dr. Sajarwa, M.Hum

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER LINGUISTIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi penerjemahan beserta orientasinya pada terjemahan ujaran sarkasme dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia di tiga film karya Sacha Baron Cohen. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori sarkasme milik Elizabeth Camp (2011), strategi penerjemahan milik Teresa Tomaszkiewicz (1993), dan teori orientasi terjemahan milik Lawrence Venuti (1995). Sumber data berasal dari subtitle yang diproduksi oleh tim Medialine Entertaiment di tahun 2002 untuk film Ali G Indahouse, PT. Indonesian Subtitling di tahun 2007 untuk film Borat, dan Netflix di tahun 2012 untuk film The Dictator. Data terkumpul sebanyak 232 ujaran sarkasme yang berbentuk kata, frasa, klausa atau kalimat. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif komparatif. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan ketentuan yang ada di teori tadi lalu dianalisis dengan membandingkan makna bahasa sumber dengan makna yang dihasilkan di teks terjemahan kemudian hasilnya disajikan secara narasi dan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada delapan jenis strategi penerjemahan yang diterapkan dalam penerjemahan ujaran sarkasme di tiga film Cohen dan dari kedelapan strategi tersebut ada enam yang menghasilkan kesepadanan makna secara pragmatik, yaitu adaptation, explication, borrowing, literal translation, equivalence dan replacement, sedangkan yang menghasilkan ketidaksepadanan adalah generalization dan omission. Dari semuanya, startegi adaptation adalah yang paling mendominasi dan ini sekaligus mengimplikasikan bahwa terjemahan pada tiga film berorientasi domestikasi. Dikatakan demikian karena dalam strategi adaptation diberlakukan penyesuaian makna konotatif bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran jadi terjemahan sarkastiknya lebih berterima/tidak kelewat batas norma budaya penonton sasaran, dalam hal ini orang Indonesia. Secara bersamaan, ini menunjukkan bahwa penerjemahan dalam tiga film Cohen telah mempertahankan etika kesantunan bahasa Indonesia.

This research aims at analyzing the sarcasm translation strategies from English into Indonesian along with its orientation in Sacha Baron Cohen three films. The theories used are sarcasm theory proposed by Elizabeth Camp (2011), translation strategy proposed by Teresa Tomaszkiewicz (1993), and translation orientation proposed by Lawrence Venuti (1995). The data sources come from the subtitles released by Medialine Entertainment in 2002 for the film Ali G Indahouse, PT. Indonesian Subtitling in 2007 for the film Borat, and Netflix in 2012 for the film The Dictator. The data are 232 data formed of sarcastic words, phrases, clauses or sentences uttered by the actors and actresses in those films. The method used was descriptive and comparative. Firstly, data was collected based on those mentioned theories and then analyzed by comparing between the meaning in the source language with the meaning in the translated text until finally the results were narrated and formed in a table. The results of this research were that there were eight types of translation strategies applied in the sarcasm translation in Cohen three films and from those eight strategies there were six ones resulting in the equivalent of pragmatic meaning namely adaptation, explication, borrowing, literal translation, equivalence, and replacement, while the strategies which did not result the pragmatically equivalent meaning were generalization and omission. From all of those strategies, adaptation had the highest occurrence frequency than the others. This implies that the translation of sarcasm utterances in Cohen films was domestication oriented. It was said so because in adaptation the connotative meaning in the source language was adjusted to the target language so the sarcastic language in the translated text be more tolerant or not exceeding the cultural norms of the target audience, in this case Indonesian people. Therefore, this proved that the translation of sarcasm utterances in Cohen's three films had preserved the politeness ethics of Indonesian language.

Kata Kunci : strategi penerjemahan, orientasi terjemahan, sarkasme, Sacha Baron Cohen