Profil farmakokinetik kombinasi tilosin dan enrofloksasin pada hati, ginjal, dan otot dada broiler

RAHMAD DWI A, Dr. drh. Agustina Dwi Wijayanti, M.P.; Prof. Dr. drh. Ida Tjahajati, M.P.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Penggunaan antibiotik untuk kepentingan terapi pada unggas harus memperhatikan bagaimana perjalanan obat di dalam tubuh sehingga bisa dihindari resiko terjadinya residu dalam jaringan. Salah satu obat yang efektif bersifat spektrum luas untuk bakteri adalah enrofloksasin dan tilosin. Penelitian tentang profil farmakokinetik menggunakan kombinasi tilosin dan enrofloksasin pada jaringan masih belum dilaporkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui profil farmakokinetik tilosin-enrofloksasin pada hati, ginjal, dan otot dada broiler setelah pemberian secara oral dengan dosis 12,5 mg/kg. Broiler sebanyak tiga puluh (30) ekor dipelihara di dalam kandang postal hewan percobaan mulai dari DOC dan diberikan pakan bebas antibiotik serta minum ad libitum. Setelah mencapai umur 30 hari dengan berat badan 1-1,5 kg, dua puluh tujuh (27) ekor broiler diberikan tilosin-enrofloksasin secara oral dengan dosis 12,5 mg/kg sebanyak 2 ml, sedangkan tiga (3) ekor broiler tidak diberikan tilosin-enrofloksasin dan diambil sampel pada menit ke-0. Ayam dietanasi pada menit ke 30, jam ke 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, hari ke 1, 2, 3 setelah pemberian obat (3 ekor broiler tiap titik waktu). Analisis data menggunakan KCKT untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter farmakokinetik Cmaks (kadar obat dalam plasma maksimal), Tmaks (waktu pencapaian kadar maksimal), T1/2 eliminasi (waktu paruh eliminasi obat) dan AUC (area under curve / daerah di bawah kurva) dengan model non-kompartemen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui nilai-nilai parameter farmakokinetik kombinasi enrofloksasin dan tilosin yaitu enrofloksasin pada hati dengan Tmaks/Cmaks 60 menit/5,49 mikrogram/g, AUC 14.545,35 mikrogram/g.menit, T1/2 eliminasi selama 245,24 jam; ginjal Tmaks/Cmaks 960 menit/3,14 mikrogram/g, AUC 7.511,85 mikrogram/g.menit, T1/2 eliminasi selama 226,74 jam; otot dada Tmaks/Cmaks 240 menit/2,08 mikrogram/g, AUC 5.541,6 mikrogram/g.menit dan T1/2 eliminasi selama 139,29 jam. Sedangkan tilosin pada hati memiliki Tmaks/Cmaks sebesar 960 menit/32,38 mikrogram/g, AUC 86.562 mikrogram/g.menit, T1/2 eliminasi selama 118,39 jam; ginjal memiliki Tmaks/Cmaks sebesar 120 menit/16,84 mikrogram/g, AUC 26.131,35 mikrogram/g.menit, T1/2 eliminasi selama 23,23 jam, otot dada Tmaks/Cmaks 60 menit/12,19 mikrogram/g, AUC 29.737,65 mikrogram/g.menit, dan T1/2 eliminasi selama 18,46 jam. Kombinasi enrofloksasin dan tilosin memiliki efektifitas terapi pada berbagai bakteri yang dapat dilihat pada rasio PK/PD. Residu enrofloksasin dalam hati, ginjal dan otot dada pada hari ke 3 masih tinggi sedangkan residu tilosin dalam ginjal dan otot pada hari ke 3 sudah tidak terlihat.

The use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes in poultry should pay attention to the way drugs travel in the body, so the risk of residue in the tissues can be avoided. One of the effective drugs that are broad-spectrum for bacteria is enrofloxacin and tylosin. The study on pharmacokinetic profile using a combination of tylosin and enrofloxacin in tissues has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of tylosin-enrofloxacin in the broilers� liver, kidney, and muscles after oral administration with a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. Thirty (30) broilers were kept in postal cages of experimental animals starting from DOC, given antibiotic-free feed, and drank ad libitum. At the age of 30 days with a bodyweight of 1-1.5 kg, twenty-seven (27) broilers were given tylosin-enrofloxacin orally with a dose of 12.5 mg/kg by 2 ml. In contrast three (3) broilers were not given tylosin-enrofloxacin and their samples were taken in the 0th minute. The broilers were euthanized in the 30th minute, 1st hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 16th hour, 1st day, 2nd day, 3rd day after drug administration (3 broilers at each time point). The data were analyzed by using HPLC to obtain pharmacokinetic parameter values of Cmax (maximum plasma drug level), Tmax (maximum level accomplishment time), T1/2 elimination (drug elimination half-life), and AUC (area under curve) by means of a non-compartment model. Based on the results of the study, it is known the pharmacokinetic parameter values of the combination of enrofloxacin and tylosin, namely enrofloxacin in the liver with Tmax/Cmax 60 minutes/5.49 microgram/g, AUC 14545.35 microgram/g.minute, T1/2 elimination for 245.24 hour; kidney Tmax/Cmax 960 minutes/3.14 microgram/g, AUC 7511.85 microgram/g.minute, T1/2 elimination for 226.74 hours; muscle Tmax/Cmax 240 minutes/2.08 microgram/g, AUC 5541.6 microgram/g.minute and T1/2 elimination for 139.29 hours. Whereas tylosin in the liver has a Tmax/Cmax of 960 minutes/32.38 microgram/g, AUC 86562 microgram/g.minute, T1/2 elimination for 118.39 hours; the kidney has a Tmax/Cmax of 120 minutes/16.84 microgram/g, AUC 26131.35 microgram/g.minute, T1/2 elimination for 23.23 hours, muscle Tmax/Cmax 60 minutes/12.19 microgram/g, AUC 29737.65 microgram/g.minute, and T1/2 elimination for 18.46 hours. The combination of enrofloxacin and tylosin has therapeutic effectiveness in various bacteria which can be seen in the PK / PD ratio. Enrofloxacin residues in the liver, kidneys, and muscles on day 3 are still high whereas tylosin residues in the kidneys and muscles on day 3 are not visible.

Kata Kunci : farmakokinetik, tilosin, enrofloksasin, jaringan, broiler