Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Perawat terhadap Pelaksanaan Oral Hygiene di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rumah Sakit Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

AULYA AVIONHELA, Dr. drg. Dewi Agustina, MDSc., MDSc.; drg. Supriatno, M.Kes., MDSc., Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 HIGIENE GIGI

Oral hygiene merupakan tindakan yang dilakukan untuk menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut. Kondisi fisik dan ketidakmampuan pasien ICU dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut mengakibatkan kebersihan mulut menjadi buruk, sehingga rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku perawat terhadap pelaksanaan oral hygiene di (Intensive Care Unit) ICU RS Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 38 perawat pelaksana ICU RS Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta dengan metode pengambilan sampel total sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan kuisioner. Kuisioner yang digunakan terdiri dari 28 butir pernyataan yang telah lolos uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada 30 perawat ICU di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 30 perawat (78,9%) berjenis kelamin perempuan dan 8 perawat (21,1%) laki-laki. Sebanyak 20 perawat (52,6%) berusia 19-29 tahun, 26 perawat (68,4%) berpendidikan Sarjana Keperawatan (Ners), 18 perawat (47,4%) bekerja selama 1-3 tahun, dan 30 perawat (78,9%) tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan oral hygiene. Secara umum, 37 dari 38 perawat (97,4%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku baik terhadap pelaksanaan oral hygiene. Berdasarkan aspek pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terdapat 31 dari 38 perawat (81,6%) memiliki pengetahuan baik, seluruh perawat memiliki sikap baik (100%), serta 34 dari 38 perawat (89,5%) memiliki perilaku baik. Kesimpulan penelitan adalah tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku perawat terhadap pelaksanaan oral hygiene di ICU RS Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta termasuk kategori baik.

Oral hygiene is an activity to maintain mouth cleanliness. Bad oral hygiene of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients can lead to an infection disease due to the physical condition and inability of patients to maintain mouth cleanliness. The aim of study was to analyze ICU nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the implementation of oral hygiene at ICU of Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital, Yogyakarta. A descriptive research with cross-sectional design was carried out in this study. The number of sample were 38 ICU nurses at Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital. Sampling method used was total sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 28 statements that have been tested for their validity and reliability to 30 ICU nurse at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta. The result showed 30 nurses (78.9%) were female and 8 nurses (21.1%) were male. As much as 20 nurses (52.6%) aged 19-29 years, 26 nurses (68.4%) held Bachelor of Nursing (Ners) certificate, 18 nurses (47.4%) worked for 1-3 years, and 30 nurses (78.9%) never attended oral hygiene training. In generally, 37 of 38 ICU nurses (97.4%) had good knowledge, attitude, and practice. Based on aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and practice, 31 of 38 ICU nurses (81.6%) had good level of knowledge, 38 ICU nurses (100%) had good level of attitude, and 34 of 38 ICU nurses (89.5%) had good level of practice. The conclusion of study are knowledge, attitude, and practice among ICU nurses toward the implementation of oral hygiene at ICU Universitas Gadjah Mada Hospital are good.

Kata Kunci : knowledge, attitude, practice, oral hygiene, ICU, nurses