PENGENDALIAN HAYATI PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma sp., Bacillus spp., DAN JAMUR MIKORIZA

Eka Fitriani, Dr. Ir. Arif Wibowo, M.Agr.Sc.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Busuk pangkal batang merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman lada yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici. Penyakit ini dapat menurunkan produksi lada hingga 80%. Penggunaan fungisida telah menyebabkan penurunan keefektifan pengendalian dan resistensi patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh beberapa agens pengendali hayati dalam mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman lada. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 - Juni 2019 di laboratorium dan di rumah kasa Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, UGM. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) 3 blok, 8 perlakuan, dan 5 ulangan. Hasil yang diperoleh pada pengujian di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P. capsici secara in vitro sebesar 75%, Bacillus spp. sebesar 63,97%. Hasil yang diperoleh pada pengujian di rumah kasa, insidensi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada perlakuan Trichoderma sp. sebesar 53,33%, perlakuan Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular sebesar 100%, perlakuan Bacillus spp. sebesar 73,33%, perlakuan kombinasi Trichoderma sp., Bacillus spp., dan Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular sebesar 60%, dan kontrol positif sebesar 100%. Hasil penelitian di rumah kasa menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasi Trichoderma sp., Bacillus spp., dan Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular merupakan agens pengendali hayati yang efektif untuk menekan insidensi penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada.

Foot rot disease is an important disease on Pepper (Piper nigrum) caused by Phytophthora capsici. This disease can reduce the production up to 80%. The use of fungicides could produce residue to the environment. Purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness some biological control agents to control the disease. This research was carried out on December 2018 - June 2019 in laboratory and screenhouse of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used in screen-house trial with 3 blocks, 8 treatments, and 5 replications of each treatment. The result of laboratory trial showed that Trichoderma sp. was able to inhibit P. capsici in vitro by 75% of inhibition percentage, while Bacillus spp. was 63.97%. The result of the screen-house trial revealed that the incidences of foot rot disease under treatments of Trichoderma sp., Mycorrhiza Arbuscular, Bacillus spp., combination of Trichoderma sp, Bacillus spp, and Mycorrhiza Arbuscular, as well as positive control were 53.33%, 100%, 73.33%, 60%, and 100%, respectively. The result of screenhouse trial indicated that Trichoderma sp. and combination of Trichoderma sp, Bacillus spp, and Mycorrhiza Arbuscular were effective to be biological control agent to suppress incidence of foot rot disease on pepper.

Kata Kunci : Phytophthora capsici, busuk pangkal batang lada, agens pengendali hayat