PENGARUH RIWAYAT PEMBERIAN ASI DAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA TERHADAP ANGKA KARIES ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI POSYANDU DESA PALBAPANG BANTUL

NUR SAFITRI HERIYANINGSIH, drg. Sri Kuswandari, M.S, Sp.KGA(K), Ph.D ; drg. Ign. Sulistyo Jatmiko, M.Kes, Sp.KGA

2019 | Skripsi | S1 HIGIENE GIGI

Karies gigi adalah penyakit multifaktorial yang disebabkan oleh empat faktor, yaitu bakteri, substrat, host, dan waktu. Demineralisasi jaringan keras gigi disebabkan asam dari hasil samping metabolisme karbohidrat oleh bakteri plak. Perilaku menyusui dapat menyebabkan karbohidrat dalam mulut sebagi sumber bakteri, sedangkan kontrol plak pada anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial ekonomi orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh riwayat pemberian ASI dan sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap angka karies anak usia 4-5 tahun di Posyandu Desa Palbapang Bantul. Penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Maret sampai 15 April 2019 terhadap 100 anak usia 4-5 tahun di Posyandu Desa palbapang Bantul. Data riwayat pemberian ASI dan sosial ekonomi orang tua dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Angka karies diperiksa dengan menggunakan indeks def-t. Data kuisioner dinilai dengan skala penilaian bertingkat. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dua jalur, uji korelasi Spearman dan regresi linear berganda dengan tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan riwayat pemberian ASI dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap angka karies (F=27,99, p<0,05). Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi dan angka karies lebih erat dibandingkan riwayat pemberian ASI dan angka karies, yaitu -0,80 dan -71. Kontribusi variabel prediktor (riwayat pemberian ASI dan sosial ekonomi) terhadap angka karies adalah 68%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh riwayat pemberian ASI dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap angka karies anak usia 4-5 tahun di Posyandu Desa Palbapang Bantul.

Dental caries is a multifactorial desease which is caused interaction of four factors namely microorganisms, substrate, host, and time. The demineralization hard tissue is caused by acid from the byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism by plaque bacteria. Breastfeeding behavior might result in carbohydrate in the mouth, as resource for bacteri, while plaque control in children was influenced by parents socioeconomic status. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of breastfeeding history and parents socioeconomic status toward the number of caries in the children aged 4-5 years at Integrated Health Service in Palbapang Bantul Village. The analytical survey research using a retrospective approach was conducted during 15 March to 15 April 2019 on 100 children aged 4-5 years at Integrated Health Service in Palbapang Bantul Village. Data of breastfeeding history and parents socioeconomic status was conducted by questionnaire interview . Dental caries number was examined using the def-t index. Questionnaire data was assessed with a multilevel valueted scale. Data were analyzed using the Two way ANOVA, the Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression with level of trustment of 95%. The results showed that there was significant factor of breastfeeding history and socioeconomic status to the number of caries( F=27,99 , p <0.05). The Spearman correlation was hight between caries number and socioeconomi compared the corellation caries number and breastfeeding history, namely -0,80 and -0,71. The contribution of predictor (breastfeeding history and socioeconomic status) to the number of caries was 68%, It might be concluded that there was influence of breastfeeding history and parents socioeconomic status on the number of caries to the children aged 4-5 years at Integrated Health Service in Palbapang Bantul Village.

Kata Kunci : riwayat pemberian ASI, sosial ekonomi, angka karies, anak usia 4-5 tahun