UMA DI DALAM PERIBAHASA JEPANG

KINANTI RATININGTYAS, Dr. Tatang Hariri,M.A

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER LINGUISTIK

Tesis ini membahas tentang peribahasa Jepang yang mengandung leksem uma atau kuda. Ada tiga permasalahan yang dibahas dalam tesis ini, yaitu (1) Bagaimana jenis kalimat yang dibentuk oleh peribahasa berleksem uma bahasa Jepang? (2) Bagaimana distribusi leksem uma di dalam kalimat peribahasa bahasa Jepang? (3) Apa makna figuratif peribahasa yang menggunakan leksem uma dalam bahasa Jepang? Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Objek penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah satuan kebahasaan berupa kalimat yang membentuk perumpamaan atau kiasan. Data yang digunakan adalah peribahasa Jepang yang menggunakan leksem uma. Data akan diambil dari kamus peribahasa Jepang sebanyak 43 peribahasa dalam bentuk kalimat sebagai data primer dan data sekunder adalah contoh kalimat yang diambil dari internet. Penulis juga bertanya kepada penutur asli (native speaker) orang Jepang dalam membantu membuat contoh kalimat dan mengetahui penggunaan peribahasa Jepang berleksem uma dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori tentang jenis dan karakteristik kalimat dalam bahasa Jepang unuk menentukan jenis kalimat dan distribusi leksem uma serta semantik untuk mengetahui makna dari masing-masing peribahasa yang menggunakan leksem uma dalam bahasa Jepang. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa dilihat dari bentuk kalimatnya, peribahasa Jepang yang berleksem uma dapat berbentuk danteibun dan hidandeibun. Danteibun adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan apa dan seperti apa suatu hal terjadi, bukan bentuk pertimbangan, pertanyaan ataupun perintah. Sementara itu, hidanteibun terdiri dari meireibun atau kalimat perintah, kinshibun atau kalimat larangan, tatoebun atau kalimat perumpamaan, shitsumonbun atau kalimat tanya, dan kanyuubun atau kalimat ajakan. Kemudian, leksem uma dalam peribahasa Jepang jika dilihat dari segi distribusi dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, topik, objek, dan keterangan. Kemudian, dari segi pemaknaan, peribahasa bahasa Jepang yang berleksem uma dapat bermakna figuratif berupa bagian tubuh manusia, cuaca, permainan, moral, nasib, usaha, perdamaian, ketidaklaziman, kesamaan, dan peristiwa. Dalam pandangan msyarakat Jepang, peribahasa yang menggunakan leksem uma, secara umum uma atau uma itu digambarkan sebagai binatang yang tangguh, cepat, dan hebat. Walaupun demikian ada juga peribahasa yang menggambarkan kuda sebagai binatang yang bodoh, agresif, dan mudah terprovokasi.

This thesis discusses Japanese proverbs containing lexeme uma or horse. There are three problems discussed in this thesis, namely (1) What kind of sentences are formed by the Japanese-language literary maxim? (2) What is the distribution of the uma lexeme in Japanese proverbs? (3) What are the figurative meanings of the proverbs that use lexeme uma in Japanese? The type of this research is library research. The object of research in this thesis is linguistic units in the form of sentences that form parables or figures of speech. The data used are Japanese proverbs that use uma lexemes. Data will be taken from a dictionary of Japanese proverbs as many as 43 proverbs in the form of sentences as primary data and secondary data are examples of sentences taken from the internet. The author also asks to native speakers of Japanese to make examples of sentences and understand the use of Japanese proverbs that use uma lexemes in daily life. This study will use theories about the types and characteristics of sentences in Japanese to determine the type of sentences and the distribution of uma and semantic lexemes to find out the meanings of each proverb using Japanese lexeme. The result of the study shows that in terms of forms, Japanese proverbs can be in the form of danteibun and hidandei. From this study the results of uma lexemes can function as subjects, objects, and explanations. Danteibun is form of sentence used to express what it is and how it happens, not in the form of considerations, questions or orders. On the other hand, hidanteibun consists of meireibun or imperative, kinshibun or prohibition, tatoebun or parable, shitsumonbun or interrogative, kanyuubun or persuasive sentence. Then, the lexemes can be functioned as subject, object, and adverb. In terms of meaning, Japanese proverbs can be figurative in the form of human body parts, weather, games, morals, destiny, effort, peace, injustice, equality, and events. From Japanese point of view reflected in Japanese proverbs, in general, uma or horse is described as a tough, fast and great animal. However, there are also proverbs that describe horses as stupid, aggressive, and easily provoked animals.

Kata Kunci : kuda, peribahasa Jepang, uma