DETEKSI GEN KETAHANAN TERHADAP BEGOMOVIRUS PADA CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L. CEMPLUK)
Cindy Gresyllia Permadani, Prof. Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, M.Agr.Sc.
2019 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGICabai rawit merupakan kebutuhan bagi pangan khas Indonesia yang terkenal kaya cita rasa pangan rasa pedas sebagai penggugah selera makan masyarakat Indonesia. Konsumsi cabai rawit rata-rata sebesar 4,6 kg per kapita per tahun. Namun, tanaman cabai rawit sangat rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit dan infeksi virus, khususnya infeksi Begomovirus. Cabai rawit yang terinfeksi Begomovirus memiliki produktivitas buah rendah, dan cenderung gagal panen dibanding tanaman sehat. Hal ini mengakibatkan tidak tercukupi kebutuhan konsumen atas cabai rawit. Solusi mengurangi wabah infeksi Begomovirus yaitu melalui pemuliaan tanaman dengan seleksi benih unggul, dan pengujian gen ketahanan Begomovirus pada cabai rawit unggul. Cabai rawit putih kultivarcempluk merupakan hasil seleksi F1 di Lahan yang diduga memiliki karakter unggul yaitu gen ketahanan terhadap Begomovirus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis gen ketahanan Begomovirus pada cabai rawit Cempluk yang ditanam pada 2 lokasi bersebelahan yaitu, lahan terbuka dan Greenhouse yang berlokasi di Mutihan, Desa Bokoharjo, Kalasan, Yogyakarta. Pengamatan tinggi tanaman dan pengelompokan skala infeksi Begomovirus diuji dengan software SPSS 16.0 uji normalitas independen, uji Mann-Whitney U, uji Anova 1 Arah dan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Ekstraksi DNA pada sampel daun, amplifikasi DNA terpaut primer SCAR OPA-04 gen ketahanan Begomovirus dengan target 1198 bp di Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Fakultas Biologi UGM. Hasil uji Anova 1 Arah pada populasi lahan terbuka memiliki perbedaan rerata tinggi tanaman pada 6 kategori skala, uji lanjut Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan hasil p-value sig. 0,000 < dari Alfa = 0.05, sehingga perbedaan tinggi tanaman tiap skala diterima. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukan data pada populasi tanaman di lahan terbuka valid memiliki perbedaan kategori tinggi tanaman pada 6 skala yang ada. Sedangkan pada populasi di Greenhouse uji Anova 1 Arah menunjukkan homogen rerata tinggi tanaman meskipun skala infeksi Begomovirus berbeda-beda. Karakter gen menunjukkan positif ketahanan terhadap Begomovirus dengan adanya DNA band 1198 bp pada 6 sampel skala 0 diperoleh dari tanaman di lahan terbuka dan Greenhouse. Sedangkan 6 sampel pada skala 5 terinfeksi Begomovirus di kedua lokasi tidak menunjukan adanya gen ketahanan dari tidak dihasilkan DNA band pada sampel tersebut.
Chili pepper is a requirement for Indonesian food which is known for its rich taste of spicy food as an appetizer for Indonesian people. The consumption of chili pepper average 4.6 kg per capita per year. However, chili pepper very susceptible to various diseases and viral infections, especially Begomovirus infection. Chili pepper infected with Begomovirus has low fruit productivity, and tends to fail crops compared to healthy plants. These affected not fulfilled consumer needs for chili pepper. The solution to reduce the outbreak of Begomovirus infection is through plant breeding with superior seed selection, and testing the Begomovirus resistance gene in selected superior chili pepper. White chili pepper Cempluk selection in field resulted F1, which expected as superior character resistance to Begomovirus genes. This study aims to analyze the Begomovirus resistance gene in chili pepper Cempluk grown in 2 adjacent locations, on field and in Greenhouse located at Mutihan, Bokoharjo Village, Kalasan, Yogyakarta. Observation of plant height and scale of Begomovirus infection were tested used SPSS 16.0 software normality independent test, Mann-Whitney U test, 1-Way Anova test and Kruskal-Wallis test. DNA extraction from leaves, amplification of Begomovirus resistance gene linked SCAR primer OPA-04 1198 bp at the Genetic Laboratory and Breeding of the Faculty of Biology UGM. The 1-Way Anova test on field population differed in 6 scale categories, 1-Way Anova test shown difference of height rate at each scale, and Kruskal-Wallis shown p-value sig. 0,000 <of Alfa = 0.05, so that differences in plant height per scale are accepted. The result of Kruskal-Wallis test shown that data on plant population in field have valid differences in plant height categories based on 6 existing scales.Whereas in Greenhouse population, the 1-Way Anova test shown homogeneous plant height rate in Greenhouse population even though there were varies scale on Begomovirus infection. Gene character showed positive resistance to Begomovirus in presence of 1198 bp band DNA of 6 samples on 0 scale, obtained from plants on field and in Greenhouse. While 6 samples on scale 5, which infected with Begomovirus in both locations did not show the presence of resistance genes caused none of DNA band produced.
Kata Kunci : Cabai rawit, Cempluk, Gen Ketahanan, Primer SCAR, Begomovirus