IDENTIFIKASI ANEMIA PADA BERBAGAI JENIS HEWAN BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN HEMATOLOGI DI BALAI BESAR VETERINER WATES YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2016 SAMPAI 2018

IKA RAHMAWATI, drh. Christin Marganingsih Santosa, M.Si.

2019 | Tugas Akhir | D3 KESEHATAN HEWAN

Anemia merupakan suatu kondisi dimana terjadi penurunan jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin atau keduanya. Anemia bukan merupakan diagnosis terhadap suatu penyakit, melainkan harus diketahui terlebih dahulu penyebabnya. Penyebab anemia dapat diketahui dari hasil uji laboratorium, sehingga dapat diketahui klasifikasinya. Uji laboratorium yang digunakan untuk identifikasi anemia meliputi: perhitungan eritrosit, perhitungan kadar hemoglobin, pengukuran packed cell volume (PCV), perhitungan mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Klasifikasi anemia berdasarkan morfologinya pada hewan dapat dibedakan menjadi anemia normositik-normokromik, anemia makrositik-normokromik, anemia makrositik-hipokromik, anemia mikrositik-hipokromik, anemia mikrositik-normokromik dan anemia normositik-hipokromik. Pengambilan data untuk penulisan Tugas Akhir dilakukan dengan tabulasi dan menganalisis data-data pemeriksaan darah hewan yang terdapat di Balai Besar Veteriner Wates. Beberapa sampel darah hewan yang dilakukan pemeriksaan di BBVet Wates seperti sapi mengalami anemia normositik-normokromik (16,7%), anemia makrositik-norkromik (66,7%), dan anemia mikrositik-normokromik (16,7%). Kambing mengalami anemia normositik-normokromik (50%), dan anemia mikrositik-normokromik (50%). Domba keseluruhan mengalami anemia makrositik-normokromik (100%). Pada ayam anemia yang teridentifikasi yaitu anemia normositik-normokromik (74,2%), anemia makrositik-normokromik (19,4%), anemia makrositik-hipokromik (3,2%), dan anemia mikrositik-normokromik (3,2%). Elang hanya mengalami anemia mikrositik-normokromik (100%). Kera hanya mengalami anemia makrositik-normokromik (100%). Disimpulkan bahwa dari pemeriksaan sampel darah yang dilakukan di BBVet Wates, didapatkan sampel darah sapi mengalami anemia sebanyak 15%, sampel darah kambing 57%, sampel darah domba 25%, sampel darah ayam 28%, sampel darah elang 66,7%, dan sampel darah kera 100%.

Anemia is a condition where there is a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both. Anemia is not a diagnosis of a disease, but should be known in advance the cause. The cause of anemia can be known from laboratory test results, so it can be identified classification. Laboratory tests used for the identification of anemia include: The calculation of erythrocytes, the calculation of hemoglobin level, the measurement of packed cell volume (PCV), the calculation of the concentration mean volume (MCV), the concentration mean Hemoglobin (MCH), mean concentration hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Classification of anemia based on its morphology in animals can be differentiated into normocytic-normochromic anemia, macrocytic-normochromic anemia, macrocytic-hypochromic anemia, microcytic- hypochromic anemia, microcytic-normochromic anemia, and normocytic-hypochromic anemia. Data collected for the writing of the final task by tabulation and analyzing the data animal blood screening at BBVet. Some samples of animal blood carried out in BBVet Wates such as cattle are subjected to normocytic-normochromic anemia (16,7%), macrocytic-norchromic anemia (66,7%), and microcytic-normochromic anemia (16,7%). The goat is subjected to normocytic-normochromic anemia (50%), and the microcytic-normochromic anemia (50%). The whole sheep suffered from macrocytotic-normochromic anemia (100%). In an identified chicken anemia, normocytic-normochromic anemia (74,2%), macrocytic-normochromic anemia (19,4%), macrocytic-hypochromic anemia (3,2%), and microcytic-normochromic anemia (3,2%). Eagles are only subjected to microcytic-normochromic anemia (100%). The ape only suffered from macrocytic-normochromic anemia (100%). It was concluded that from a blood sample test done at BBVet Wates, a sample of cattle blood was found 15% anemia, goat blood sample 57%, sheep blood samples 25%, chicken blood samples 28%, eagle blood samples 66,7%, and ape blood samples 100% .

Kata Kunci : anemia, klasifikasi anemia, hewan