Hubungan Jumlah Telur Cacing Ascaridia galli, dan Histopatologi Jejunum Ayam Kampung

Atika Andryani, Prof. drh. Kurniasih, MVSc., Ph.D.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Ascariasis adalah salah satu penyakit yang paling banyak menyerang unggas termasuk ayam kampung dan disebabkan oleh cacing Ascaridia galli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah egg per Gram (epg) tinja dengan jumlah cacing dan histopatologi dari jejunum ayam yang terinfeksi Ascaridia galli. Usus halus dari sembilan ekor ayam kampung dari tempat pemotongan ayam Pasar Terban. Sebelum dinekropsi, feses ayam diambil untuk pemeriksaan egg per Gram tinja. Usus yang ada cacingnya difiksasi dengan formalin dan dibuat preparat histopatologi. Dilakukan pengamatan terhadap jumlah cacing yang ditemukan, jumlah egg per Gram dan perubahan histopatologi jejunum. Adanya telur cacing pada feses ayam maka akan ditemukan cacing jejunum. Jika tidak ditemukan telur cacing pada feses ayam belum tentu ayam tidak mengalami cacingan. Histopatologi jejunum menunjukkan adanya erosi epitel vili serta sel radang limfosit dan eosinofilil pada bagian yang diinfeksi oleh cacing Ascaridia galli. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara jumlah cacing di jejunum ayam dengan jumlah telur di feses ayam.

Ascariasis is one of the most prevalent diseases known to attack domesticated birds such as turkeys and chickens. The infection itself is carried by its main vector, the Ascaridia galli, a parasitic roundworm known to inhabit many species of domestic fowl. This study seeks to inquire the relation between the number of eggs per gram (eggs/g) in every infected which achieved by microscopic examination of whole sampled specimens of Ayam Kampungs excreta and histopathology analysis of its jejunum. The analysis is done by taking 9 samples of small intestine from an abattoir located at Pasar Terban. Before the necropsy, each excreta is analyzed under eggs/g examination. Intestines with vectors are placed in a formaline solution and made as histopathology specimens. The measurement process to determine the number of eggs per gram and histopathology analysis of the tissue specimens are then carried out in order to achieve the objective. The outcome of this study demonstrates that the amount of eggs found in the excreta does not always correspond with the number of worms in the jejunum. The existence of eggs always corresponds with the finding of worms in the jejunum but the absence of eggs does not necessarily mean the nonexistence of worms. Hence, the relation is non-symmetrical. Histopathology analysis of the jejunum shows a villus erosion in the epithelium where Lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration caused by Ascaridia galli also occur. In conclusion, the study achieved its aim to prove the non-symmetrical correspondence between the amount worms in the jejunum and the eggs in the excreta.

Kata Kunci : ascariasis, Ascaridia galli, egg per gram, jejunum, histopatologi.