EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI KINERJA SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) SAMPAH SUKAWINATAN KOTA PALEMBANG

ENDAH ANDITASARI, Dr. Rini Rachmawati, S. Si, MT;Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M. Sc

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah yang ada di TPA Sukawinatan, (2) Menganalisis kinerja pengelolaan sampah di TPA Sukawinatan, dan (3) Menilai peran masyarakat dan stakeholder (formal/informal) dalam pengelolaan sampah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deduktif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi sedangkan pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik studi populasi dan snowball (bola salju). Analisis data terhadap kinerja sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPA Sukawinatan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta pengambilan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem teknik operasional pengelolaan sampah di TPA Sukawinatan yaitu berupa pengangkutan, pengolahan dan pembuangan akhir. Pengangkutan sampah dilakukan sebanyak 3 shift, yaitu pagi, siang dan sore atau malam. Pengolahan sampah yang ada di TPA Sukawinatan berupa 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle), kompos, dan mengolah gas metan menjadi listrik. Pembuangan sampah dilakukan dengan sistem Sanitary Landfilled. Kinerja sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPA Sukawinatan dianalisis efektivitasnya menggunakan model CIPP (konteks, input, proses dan produk). Berdasarkan konteks, pengelolaan sampah di TPA Sukawinatan cukup efektif. Berdasarkan Input, ada peran pemerintah, peran swasta, fasilitas pengelolaan dan pendanaan di TPA. Berdasarkan Proses, ada perencanaan pengelolaan sampah, mekanisme kerja pengelolaan, hambatan mudah, masalah dapat diatasi dan ada inisiatif/usaha untuk menangani masalah. Berdasarkan Produk, ada tujuan yang sudah dicapai akan tetapi tidak ada keuntungan secara materil yang didapatkan, dan terdapat pengurangan sampah. Kinerja sistem pengelolaan oleh pemulung berdasarkan alasan memulung, fasilitas yang dimiliki pemulung dan tujuan yang sudah dicapai. Kinerja sistem pengelolaan sampah secara efisien di TPA Sukawinatan, dianggap cukup efisien. Kinerja sistem pengelolaan sampah secara efisien oleh pemulung dan pengepul sudah cukup efisien, hasil yang didapatkan hampir setara dengan upah minimum rata-rata Kota Palembang. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan pengelolaan sampah menyebabkan tanggung jawab terhadap sampah yang mereka hasilkan sangat rendah terbukti dengan banyaknya timbulan TPS ilegal di Kota Palembang. Peran stakeholder, khususnya pemulung sebagai sektor informal cukup membantu dalam pengurangan sampah di TPA Sukawinatan meskipun tidak terlalu signfikan.

This research is aimed to (1) study the system of waste management in TPA Sukawinatan, (2) analyze the performance of waste management in TPA Sukawinatan, (3) assess the role of community and formal/informal stakeholders in waste management.  This research uses a deductive qualitative approach. The data are obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies and the informants were selected through population study techniques and snowball. The data on the performance of the waste management system are analysed by using the Miles and Huberman models, which is by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. The result shows that the waste management system operational technique in TPA Sukawinatan are; transporting, processing and final disposing. Transporting the wastes are done in three shifts of time, which are in the morning, afternoon and evening or at night. The waste processing done in TPA Sukawinatan are 3R (reusing, reducing and recycling), composing, and processing methane gas into electricity. The final waste disposing is done through Sanitary Landfilled system. The effectiveness of the waste management performance system in TPA Sukawinatan is analysed through CIPP (context, input, process and product) model. Based on the context, waste management at TPA Sukawinatan is quite effective. Based on the input, there is the role of the government and the private sector, management facilities and funding in the landfill. Based on the process, there are waste management plans, work mechanisms, problems can be overcome and there are initiatives/efforts to deal with it. Based on the product, there are goals that have been achieved but there are no material benefits obtained. The performance of the management system by scavengers is based on scavenging reasons, facilities and objectives that have been achieved. The performance of an efficient waste management system at TPA Sukawinatan is considered to be quite efficient. The performance of the waste management system by scavengers and collectors is quite efficient, the results obtained are almost equivalent to the average minimum wage of the city of Palembang. The lack of awareness from the community to manage the garbage is leading them to feel less responsible towards the appropriate process of waste management. This can be seen from the fact that the number of illegal temporary dump sites is increasing in Palembang. The role of stakeholders, scavangers in particular as informal sector is quite helpful in decreasing the number of garbages in TPA Sukawinatan although it does not cause any significant changes. 

Kata Kunci : Efektivitas & Efisiensi, Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah, TPA Sukawinatan.