KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS AMFIBI DI HUTAN RAWA PRIMER DAN SEKUNDER TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING KALIMANTAN TENGAH

KURNIA LATIFIANA, Satyawan Pudyatmoko

2011 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi habitat, mengetahui jenisjenis amfibi dan keanekaragaman jenisnya, serta membandingkan keanekaragaman jenis amfibi pada tipe habitat hutan rawa primer dan sekunder. Lokasi penelitian di sekitar Sungai Sekonyer Kanan dengan tipe habitat hutan rawa primer dan hutan rawa sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 24 hari (6 sampai 29 Oktober 2010). Metode untuk mengetahui kondisi habitat dengan pengukuran langsung komponen fisik dan biotik. Metode survei amfibi menggunakan Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dengan transek. Sebanyak 10 transek diletakkan berdekatan dengan perairan di setiap tipe habitat. Jalur transek berukuran panjang 400 meter dengan lebar 10 meter. Analisis habitat secara deskriptif berdasarkan pengukuran dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan, serta secara kualitatif dengan perhitungan similaritas Bray-Curtis. Keanekaragaman jenis amfibi (H’) dihitung dengan indeks Shannon-Wiener, kekayaan jenis (DMg) dengan indeks Margalef, kemerataan jenis (E), kesamaan jenis (IS) dengan Bray-Curtis, pendugaan jumlah jenis amfibi dengan Jackknife. Perbandingan keanekaragaman jenis amfibi di kedua tipe habitat menggunakan analisis Mann-Whitney U test. Kondisi habitat hutan rawa primer yaitu diameter pohon lebih besar daripada hutan rawa sekunder, serta keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan lebih tinggi daripada hutan rawa sekunder. Amfibi yang dijumpai sebanyak 19 jenis dari 6 famili yaitu Bufonidae (1 jenis), Megophrydae (1 jenis), Microhylidae (2 jenis), Ranidae (4 jenis), Dicroglossidae (4 jenis), dan Rhacophoridae (5 jenis), termasuk 3 jenis yang dijumpai di luar jalur pengamatan. Tiga jenis amfibi yang belum teridentifikasi, yaitu Microhyla sp., Spesies 1, dan Spesies 2. Nilai H’ di hutan rawa primer 1,75 sedangkan di hutan rawa sekunder 2,019. Perbandingan keanekaragaman menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua tipe habitat berbeda nyata. Diduga hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kenampakan hutan, kerapatan tajuk dan tumbuhan bawah, dan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat adaptasi jenis yang berbeda-beda.

The objectives of this study were to know the condition of habitats, find out amphibian species and its diversity, and also compare amphibian diversity in primary and secondary swamp forests. The locations were around Sekonyer Kanan River in the primary and secondary swamp forests. Data was collected for 24 days (on October 6 to 29, 2010). The method used of determining habitat types were direct measurement of physical and biotic components. The amphibian survey method used was the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) with transect design. Ten transects were placed where placed near to the water in every habitat type. Line transects were 400 meters in length and 10 meters wide. The habitat used descriptive analysis based on measurements and observation, and also used qualitative with the similarity Bray-Curtis formula. Amphibian diversity (H’) was calculated with the Shannon-Wiener formula, amphibian richness with the Margalef (DMg), amphibian evenness (E), and similarity with the Bray-Curtis formula, estimation of the amphibian species was calculated with the Jackknife formula. To compare amphibian diversity in the two different habitat types was analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test. The habitat condition were tree diameter in the primary swamp forest was bigger than the secondary swamp forest, and plant diversity in the primary swamp forest was higher than the secondary swamp forest. There were 19 amphibian found with 6 families, Bufonidae (1 species), Megophrydae (1 species), Microhylidae (2 species), Ranidae (4 species), Dicroglossidae (4 species), and Rhacophoridae (5 species), including 3 species found out of transect. There were 3 species unidentified, Microhyla sp., Species 1, dan Species 2. The H’ value in the primary swamp forest was 1,75 and in secondary swamp forest 2,019. The result of compared amphibian diversity in two habitat types were different. This result was influenced by forest condition, crown density, and undergrowth density and also influenced by adaptation the different types of species.

Kata Kunci : amfibi, keanekaragaman jenis, hutan rawa, Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting