PATOGENISITAS Ganoderma sp. PADA BIBIT KOPI, KAKAO, DAN CENGKEH

SOFIAH BORU PANE, Dr. Suryanti., S.P.,M.P.; Dr.Ir.Arif Wibowo,M.Agr.Sc.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Ganoderma sp. merupakan salah satu patogen yang dapat menginfeksi tanaman perkebunan. Beberapa jenis komoditas tanaman perkebunan seperti, kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh merupakan tanaman yang biasa ditanam di pekarangan. Infeksi jamur Ganoderma sp. dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup signifikan pada beberapa tanaman perkebunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas jamur Ganoderma sp. terhadap beberapa tanaman perkebunan yang ditanam di pekarangan. Jamur Ganoderma sp. yang diisolasi berasal dari tanaman beringin (Ficus benjamina L.) yang ditanam di pekarangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Pengujian patogenisitas jamur Ganoderma sp. dilakukan di laboratorium dan di rumah kaca. Pengujian di laboratorium menggunakan potongan akar dan batang tanaman kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh, sedangkan pengujian di rumah kaca menggunakan bibit tanaman kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh. Hasil pengujian di laboratorium menunjukkan miselium jamur Ganoderma sp. dapat tumbuh pada potongan batang dan akar tanaman kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh, namun hasil analisis varian menunjukkan panjang miselium jamur Ganoderma sp. tidak berbeda nyata pada potongan batang tanaman kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh tetapi berbeda nyata pada potongan akar tanaman kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh. Hasil pengujian di rumah kaca menunjukkan jamur Ganoderma sp. mampu menginfeksi bibit tanaman kopi, kakao, dan cengkeh dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit sebesar 42,50 %, 45,00 %, dan 32,50 %.

Ganoderma sp. is one of the pathogens which can infect perennial crops. Several types of perennial crops such as coffee, cocoa, and clove are commonly grown in the yard. Ganoderma sp. can cause significant losses in some perennial crops. The aim of this research was to know the pathogenicity of Ganoderma sp. against some perennial crops planted in the yard. Ganoderma sp. was isolated from the banyan tree (Ficus benjamina L.) planted in the yard. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL). Pathogenicity test of Ganoderma sp. was done in the laboratory and in the greenhouse. Laboratory tests used the cutting roots and stems of coffee, cocoa, and clove, while greenhouse testing used coffee, cocoa, and clove seedlings. Test results in the laboratory showed that mycelium of Ganoderma sp. could grow on cutting stems and roots of coffee, cacao, and clove. The results of variance analysis showed that the length of Ganoderma sp. mycelium were not significantly different in coffee, cocoa, and clove cutting stems but were significantly different from the cutting root of coffee, cocoa, and clove. Test result in the greenhouses showed that Ganoderma sp. could infect the seedlings of coffee, cacao, and clove with the severity of disease by 42,50%, 45,00%, and 32,50%.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman kopi, kakao, cengkeh, Ganoderma sp., patogenisitas.,Coffee, cocoa, clove, Ganoderma sp., pathogenicity.