SINTESIS DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SENYAWA TURUNAN KALKON SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA SERAPAN LEBAR DAN AGEN FILTER FOTOTERAPI

SARAS ANINDILA RATRI, Prof. Drs. Jumina, Ph.D; Dr. Deni Pranowo, M.Si.

2018 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Sintesis dan uji aktivitas senyawa turunan kalkon sebagai senyawa tabir surya serapan lebar serta agen filter fototerapi telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk sintesis dan mempelajari serapan UV- Visibel dari senyawa turunan kalkon, melakukan formulasi krim tabir surya dan filter fototerapi, serta menentukan nilai sun protection factor (SPF) dan panjang gelombang kritis. Penelitian lebih lanjut dilakukan untuk pengujian stabilitas, fotostabilitas dan sitotoksiksitas terhadap senyawa turunan kalkon serta krim. Sintesis senyawa turunan kalkon dilakukan dengan mereaksikan asetofenon dan benzaldehida dalam suasana basa selama 24 jam. Hasil sintesis diidentifikasi dengan spektrometer IR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR. Formulasi krim tabir surya dan filter fototerapi dilakukan dengan menambahkan campuran senyawa turunan kalkon sebanyak 0,5-1,2% berat krim. Uji aktivitas senyawa tunggal, campuran senyawa, dan krim dilakukan secara in vitro dengan spektrofotometer UV-Visibel untuk mengetahui rentang panjang gelombang, stabilitas senyawa, nilai SPF, panjang gelombang kritis, dan fotostabilitas. Uji sitotoksiksitas dilakukan dengan metode MTT. Reaksi antara turunan benzaldehida dan asetofenon dengan katalis NaOH 10% menghasilkan senyawa kalkon, 4-metoksikalkon, 3,4-dimetoksikalkon, 4-dimetilaminokalkon, 3-nitro-kalkon, 2-klorokalkon, 2,4-diklorokalkon, dan 4-fluorokalkon dengan persentase hasil 64,4-92,2%. Panjang gelombang senyawa turunan kalkon berada pada 236-280 nm dan 299-416 nm. Nilai IC50 senyawa turunan kalkon < 100 μg/mL. Senyawa tabir surya dihasilkan dengan mencampurkan 3 senyawa turunan kalkon sehingga terdapat serapan pada panjang gelombang 290-400 nm. Pencampuran senyawa turunan kalkon dihasilkan 6 macam campuran sebagai krim tabir surya. Nilai SPF dari formula krim KTS1-KTS5 > 20 dan SPF KTS6 adalah 11,5. Nilai panjang gelombang kritis formula krim tabir surya > 370 nm. Agen filter fototerapi dihasilkan dari campuran 2 senyawa turunan kalkon sehingga terdapat celah serapan pada 310-315 nm. Pencampuran 2 senyawa turunan kalkon menghasilkan 2 macam campuran sebagai bahan krim filter fototerapi. Daerah serapan rendah krim filter fototerapi adalah pada 295-315 nm (KFF1) dan 287-330 nm (KFF2). Nilai IC50 formula krim > 1000 μg/mL. Krim tabir surya dan filter fototerapi stabil terhadap waktu penyimpanan yang ditentukan dari kestabilan pH dan pola serapan senyawa dalam krim. Uji kestabilan senyawa dalam sediaan krim menunjukkan bahwa krim stabil terhadap paparan sinar UV yang ditentukan dari kestabilan pola serapan selama penyinaran.

Synthesis and activity test of chalcone derivatives as broad spectrum sunscreen and phototherapy filter agent have been studied. This research was conducted to study the synthesis of chalcone derivatives, to analyze single and mixed compounds UV absorption and also to make sunscreen and phototeraphy filter cream with mixed chalcone derivatives compound. Furthermore, the research was also carried out in order to determine Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and critical wavelength as well as to investigate the stability, photo stability, and the cytotoxicity of the formulated sunscreen and phototherapy filter cream. Chalcone derivatives were synthesized by reaction of acetophenone and benzaldehydes in base condition for 24 h. The products were characterized by IR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Sunscreen and phototherapy’s creams were done by mixing chalcone derivatives in based cream. In vitro identification by spectrophotometer UV-Visible of single compound, mixed compounds, and cream were conducted to determine wavelength range, critical wavelength, and SPF value and also to investigation compound stability, and photostability. The method for investigation of single compound and formulated creams cytotoxicity was MTT assay. Chalcone derivatives were synthesized successfully i.e chalcone, 4-methoxy-chalcone, 3,4-dimethoxy-chalcone, 4-dimethylamino-chalcone, 3-nitro-chalcone, 2-chloro-chalcone, 2,4-dichloro-chalcone, and 4-fluoro-chalcone yield 64,4-92,2%. Absorption of chalcone derivatives appeared in 320-400 nm and 290-320 nm. Broad spectrum sunscreen were produced by mixing 3 chalcone derivatives, so they have broad absorption at 290-400 nm. IC50 value of chalcone derivatives were under 100 µg/mL except 4-dimethylamino-chalcone. There were 6 combination of mixed compound as sunscreen cream. SPF value of cream KTS1-KTS5 > 20 and KTS6 was 11,5. Critical wavelength of KTS1-KTS6 > 370 nm. Filter phototherapy agent were produced by mixing 2 chalcone derivatives that have low absorption at 305-320 nm. There were 2 combination of mixed compound as cream phototherapy. Low absorption cream KFF1 was at 295-325 nm and KFF2 was at 287-330 nm. IC50 value of cream were more than 1000 µg/mL. Suncreen and filter phototherapy cream were stable against the time of storage that determined by stability of pH and the absoption pattern. The compound in formulated cream were stable against UV exposure determined by the stability of the absorption pattern.

Kata Kunci : kalkon, tabir surya, filter fototerapi, SPF, panjang gelombang kritis/chalcone, sunscreen, filter therapy, SPF, critical wavelength