ISOLASI DAN METILASI KARDANOL DARI CAIRAN KULIT BIJI METE (CKBM) SERTA OKSIDASINYA; ISOLATION AND METHYLATION OF CARDANOL FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID (CNSL) AND ITS OXIDATION

Rahmawati, Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih

2011 | Disertasi | PROGRAM STUDI S2 KIMIA

Derivatization of cardanol by methylation, epoxydation and oxidation has been studied. Cardanol is one component of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which is obtained as a by-product of the cashew industry. Cashew nut shell liquid extraction was performed by mechanical press followed by characterization of the liquid with IR spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Then, the technical CNSL was heated at 130-135 oC for 3 hours to give decarboxylated CNSL. Cardanol was isolated from decarboxylated CNSL by the use of methanol and ammonium hydroxide (8:5) and extracted with n-hexane. Methylation of cardanol was carried out by DMS and DMC to give methyl cardanol. Methyl cardanol was epoxidized by mCPBA at 0 oC for 3 hours, while oxidation was conducted to the double bond of methyl cardanol by aqueous KMnO4 in neutral and alkaline conditions in the presence of CTAB and TBAB as phase transfer catalyst (PTC). All of the products were characterized by IR spectrophotometer and GC-MS. CNSL contains anacardic acid ( 39%), cardol (27%), and cardanol (9%), while decarboxylated CNSL contains cardanol and cardol in 87 and 12%, respectively. Then, cardanol was isolated in 76% yield from decarboxylated CNSL. Methylation of cardanol by DMS (55%) gave a good yield than DMC (11%). Oxidation of methyl cardanol with aqueous KMnO4 and TBAB in alkaline media gave a cleavage product, an aldehyde (10% yield), while CTAB yielded carboxylic acid in 8%. In addition, the same oxidation in neutral condition in the presence of TBAB produced a carboxylic acid in 11% yie

Kata Kunci : CNSL, kardanol, metil kardanol, DMC