KAJIAN LINTAS SEKSIONAL DAN PROFIL BIOKIMIA DARAH KEJADIAN ANESTRUS PADA SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

OKTARIANTI, Eka , Surya Agus Prihatno

2014 | Tesis |

Anestrus merupakan gangguan fungsional pada siklus reproduksi ternak yang ditandai dengan tidak adanya gejala estrus. Anestrus disebabkan oleh banyak faktor dan dapat menyebabkan turunnya produktivitas dan reproduktivitas ternak, sehingga pencegahan dan pengendalian kejadian anestrus diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi anestrus, faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian anestrus serta profil biokimia darah pada sapi potong fertil dan sapi potong yang mengalami anestrus. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian lintas seksional, dilakukan terhadap 228 ekor sapi potong yang diperiksa secara perektal di lima kecamatan di Kabupaten Grobogan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sampling tahapan ganda secara proporsional. Random sederhana dilakukan pada tingkat kecamatan dan desa, sedangkan ternak sebagai unit terkecil diambil secara klaster. Data kuisioner dikumpulkan dan diolah menggunakan Statistix for Windows Version 8 software. Analisis data meliputi: analisis univariat, bivariat dengan chi-square (χ2) dan odds ratio (OR), dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Penelitian profil biokimia darah (glukosa, total protein, kolesterol, kalsium dan fosfor) juga dilakukan terhadap 40 ekor ternak (20 ekor sapi anestrus dan 20 ekor fertil) yang dipilih secara random. Pengujian biokimia serum darah dilakukan di Laboraturium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu (LPPT) UGM Yogyakarta. Profil biokomia darah dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi anestrus pada sapi potong di tingkat ternak dan peternakan masing-masing 18,4% dan 19,2%. Faktor yang berasosiasi meningkatkan kejadian anestrus pada tingkat ternak adalah laktasi, retensi plasenta, distokia, jenis pakan jerami, dan estrus postpartus, sedangkan faktor yang berasosiasi meningkatkan kejadian anestrus di tingkat peternakan adalah pengalaman beternak kurang dari dua tahun dan kondisi kandang yang kotor. Analisis biokimia serum darah menunjukkan hasil bahwa kadar glukosa, total protein, kolesterol, kalsium dan fosfor sapi potong yang mengalami anestrus dan sapi potong yang fertil masih berada dalam kadar normal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa anestrus pada sapi potong disebabkan oleh multifaktor, dan profil biokimia darah sapi potong yang mengalami anestrus dan yang fertil berada dalam kadar normal.

Anestrus is a functional disorder of reproduction cycle in cattle which characterized by the absence of estrus signs. Anestrus is caused by many factor and it decreases productivity and reproductivity, so that the prevention and control anestrus were needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, factors associated with anestrus and blood biochemical profile in fertile and anestrus beef cow. This study used a cross-sectional design, conducted on 228 beef cows which were examinated by rectal palpation in five sub-district in Grobogan district. The sampling was conducted using multiple stage sampling method proportionally. Simple random sampling was done at the level of subdistrict and village, and the livestock as the smallest unit were taken as a cluster. The questionnaire were collected and processed using Statistics for Windows Version 8 software. Analysis used a univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square (χ2) and the odds ratio (OR), and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The study to analyze the blood biochemical profile (glucose, total protein, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus) was conducted on 40 beef cows (20 anestrus beef cows and 20 fertile beef cows) were selected at random. Blood serum biochemical test was performed in the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) UGM. Blood biochemical profiles were analyzed by descriptive. The results showed that the prevalence of anestrus in beef cow at livestock and farm level were 18.4% and 19.2% respectively. Risk factors that had association with the increasing incidence of anestrus in beef cow were lactation level retained placenta, dystocia, feed straw, and postpartum estrus. Whereas, risk factors which had association with the increasing incidence of anestrus at farm level were the farmer’s experience in raising livestock that less of two years and a dirty cage conditions. Blood biochemical analysis showed that the glucose, total protein, cholesterol, calcium and phosporus level in beef cows which suffer anestrus and fertile cows, were still in normal range. From the result, it can be concluded that anestrus in beef cow was caused by multifactor, and blood biochemical profile in anestrus beef cow were still in normal range.

Kata Kunci : Anestrus, kajian lintas-seksional, profil biokimia darah, sapi potong, Kabupaten Grobogan