KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN DISTRIBUSI ULAR (SQUAMATA: SERPENTES) DI BAGIAN HULU SUNGAI TAMBAKBAYAN, PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

CHRISTIAN MANGGALA YUDHA PRATAMA, Donan Satria Yudha, S.Si., M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman jenis ular di sungai-sungai wilayah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta telah dilakukan, yaitu di Sungai Opak, Code, dan Winongo. Sungai Tambakbayan belum pernah diteliti keanekaragaman jenis ularnya. Di sepanjang sungai ini masih terdapat banyak vegetasi yang potensial sebagai habitat ular. Hal tersebut mendorong dilakukannya penelitian dalam mempelajari keanekaragaman, distribusi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan distribusi, dan karakter morfologi untuk mengelompokkan ular dan habitatnya di bagian hulu Sungai Tambakbayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman, distribusi, faktor yang mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan distribusi, serta karakter morfologi ular dan habitatnya di bagian hulu Sungai Tambakbayan, DIY. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Desember 2016. Sampling dilakukan pagi dan malam hari pada tiap titik sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah VES dan transek sepanjang 500 meter. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Shannon-Wiener dan Indeks Pielou. Keanekaragaman jenis ular yang ditemukan di Sungai Tambakbayan adalah Ahaetulla prasina, Dendrelaphis pictus (Colubridae), Xenochrophis trianguligerus (Natricidae), Ramphotyphlops braminus (Typhlopidae), Malayopython reticulatus (Pythonidae), Homalopsis buccata (Homalopsidae), dan Xenopeltis unicolor (Xenopeltidae). Berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener, titik sampling 1 dan 2 memiliki keanekaragaman rendah dan titik sampling 3 memiliki keanekaragaman sedang. Berdasarkan Pielou, ketiga titik sampling memiliki jenis kemerataan stabil. Distribusi ular di Sungai Tambakbayan beragam dengan jarak transek yang berbeda pada lokasi penelitian. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan distribusi ular adalah aktivitas manusia, dan vegetasi. Karakter morfologi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelompokkan ular berdasarkan habitatnya adalah proporsi Snouth-Vent Length (SVL) dengan Tail Length (TL), proporsi Panjang Sisik Ventral (PSV) dengan Lebar Sisik Ventral (LSV), dan lunas pada sisik dorsal ular.

Research about snakes species diversity in the river of the Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta has been done in Code, Opak, and Winongo River. Snakes species diversity in Tambakbayan River has not been studied. Along this river there are vegetation that can be used as animal habitat such as snake. It encourages research to study the diversity, distribution, factors affecting diversity, distribution, and morphological characters of snake in the upstream of the Tambakbayan River. The aim of the study is to analyze the diversity, distribution, factors affecting diversity and distribution, as well as the morphological characters of snakes in the upstream of the Tambakbayan River, DIY. This study was conducted from June to December 2016. Sampling was done in the morning and at night at each sampling point. The method used was VES and transects 500 meters long. The data obtained were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index and Pielou Index. The diversity of snake species found in the Tambakbayan River are Ahaetulla prasina, Dendrelaphis pictus (Colubridae), Xenochrophis trianguligerus (Natricidae), Ramphotyphlops braminus (Typhlopidae), Malayopython reticulatus (Pythonidae), Homalopsis buccata (Homalopsidae), and Xenopeltis unicolor (Xenopeltidae). Based on Shannon-Wiener index, sampling point 1 and 2 has low diversity and sampling point 3 has medium diversity. Based on Pielou, all of the sampling point has stable community. The distribution of snakes in the Tambakbayan River varies correlate with different transect distances at the study sites. Factors affecting the diversity and distribution of snakes are human activity, and vegetation. The morphological characters that can be used to group snake habitat are the proportion of Snout-Vent Length (SVL) and Tail Length (TL), the proportion of Ventral Scale Length (VSL) and Ventral Scale Width (VSW), and keel on the dorsal scales of snakes.

Kata Kunci : Sungai Tambakbayan, keanekaragaman, distribusi, ular, morfologi/Tambakbayan river, diversity, distribution, snake, morphology