HUBUNGAN NEIGHBORHOOD WALKABILITY PERCEPTION TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA INDIVIDU DEWASA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

RUTH HELENA GIRSANG, Dr. Toto Sudargo, SKM, M.Kes; Harry Freitag Luglio, S.Gz.,M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Aktivitas fisik inaktif dan obesitas adalah salah satu masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat dan merupakan faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular. Oleh sebab itu, upaya - upaya harus dilakukan dengan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan masalah tersebut. Salah satu faktor adalah lingkungan di mana seseorang tinggal. Saat ini bukti-bukti yang menghubungkan antara lingkungan tempat tinggal dengan aktivitas fisik inaktif dan obesitas telah banyak dilakukan. Lingkungan terutama lingkungan binaan telah terbukti mempengaruhi tingkat aktivitas fisik inaktif dan obesitas. Namun, studi-studi yang telah dipublikasikan lebih banyak dilakukan di negara maju dan hasilnya belum dapat digeneralisasikan pada negara berkembang dan negara dengan densitas populasi yang tinggi seperti Indonesia, terutama di Yogyakarta. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan neighborhood walkability perception terhadap aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh pada individu dewasa Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 106 individu dewasa yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data neighborhood walkability perception diperoleh dengan menggunakan NEWS, aktivitas fisik dengan GPAQ dan pedometer, dan indeks massa tubuh diukur secara objektif. Analisis hubungan antara neighborhood walkability perception terhadap aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Selain itu uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk mengetahui validitas GPAQ terhadap pedometer dan analisis hubungan antara aktivitas fisik terhadap indeks massa tubuh. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara neighborhood walkability perception terhadap aktivitas fisik. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara neighborhood walkability perception terhadap indeks massa tubuh. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan positif antara total aktivitas fisik yang diukur menggunakan GPAQ dan pedometer namun tidak signifikan. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik terhadap indeks massa tubuh. Kesimpulan: Di Kota Yogyakarta, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara neighborhood walkability perception dengan aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh.

Background : Physical inactivity and obesity are one of major public health problems and risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Therefore, efforts should be made by examining the factors associated with them. One such factor is the neighborhood in which people live. There were growing evidence to link neighborhood built environment (BE) with physical inactivity and obesity. The built environment was approved to influence physical inactivity and obesity rates. However, published studies mostly done in developed countries and these results might not generalize to developing countries and highly densed countries such as Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta. Objective : To understand the association between neighborhood walkability perception with physical activity and body mass index among adults Method : This study apply cross sectional design. The subject of this study was 106 adults, chosen with purposive sampling technique. Data of neighborhood walkability perception was collected with NEWS, physical activity with GPAQ and pedometer, and body mass index was objectively measured. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the association between neighborhood walkability perception with physical activity and body mass index. Moreover Spearman correlation tests were used to validate GPAQ using pedometer and to examine the association between physical activity with body mass index. Results : Based on correlation test, there were no significant association between neighborhood walkability perception attributes with physical activity. There were no significant association between neighborhood walkability perception attributes with body mass index. Furthermore, there were positive association between total physical activity measured by GPAQ and pedometer but not significant There were no significant association between physical activity with body mass index. Conclusion : In Yogyakarta City, no significant association between neighborhood walkability perception with physical activity and body mass index.

Kata Kunci : built environment, neighborhood walkability perception, aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, GPAQ, pedometer