PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK TERATUR DAN TERUKUR PADA VENTRIKEL KIRI JANTUNG TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus novergicus) JANTAN MODEL PENUAAN (Kajian Terhadap Sel Fibroblas, Kadar Periostin dan Ketebalan Dinding Ventrikel)

NUR ASMAR SALIKUNNA, dr. Denny Agustiningsih, M.Kes, AIFM.; Dr. dr. Irianiwati, Sp.PA(K)

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang : Penuaan merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, sebagai penyebab kematian tertinggi di seluruh dunia. Pada penuaan jantung terjadi penurunan jumlah miosit, peningkatan ukuran miosit dan matriks ekstraseluler. Gagal jantung pada penuaan dapat ditandai dengan adanya hipertrofi patologis jantung. Latihan fisik dapat mencegah hipertrofi patologis. Penelitian model penuaan dapat dilakukan pada hewan coba dengan memberikan D-galaktosa56 Tujuan :Mengkaji jumlah sel fibroblas, kadar periostin dan ketebalan dinding ventrikel kiri tikus wistar jantan model penuaan yang diberi latihan fisik Metode : Dua puluh empat tikus umur 3 bulan (200-310 g) dibagi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok dengan induksi Galaktosa tanpa latihan fisik (kontrol postif), kelompok dengan induksi Galaktosa diberi latihan fisik intensitas ringan (45% VO2max), kelompok dengan induksi Galaktosa diberi latihan fisik intensitas sedang (55% VO2max), dan kelompok dengan injeksi saline, tanpa latihan fisik (kontrol negatif). Latihan fisik menggunakan treadmill, 5 menit pemanasan, 30 menit latihan inti, 5 menit pendinginan, dilakukan 4 kali per pekan selama 4 pekan. Injeksi Galaktosa 300 mg/Kg BB/ml dan saline selama dilakukan 4 minggu setiap harinya.Setelah 4 minggu, tikus diaklimatisasi dan diberi latihan fisik selama 4 minggu, frekuensi 4x/minggu. Selanjutnya tikus dimatikan, diambil ventrikel kiri. Penghitungan jumlah sel fibroblas dan ketebalan dinding ventrikel dengan pewarnaan HE, dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Pengukuran kadar periostin dengan teknik ELISA dan dianalisis dengan uji one way anova. Hasil: Jumlah rerata sel fibroblas pada kelompok intensitas sedang lebih tinggi (4,95+-1,18) daripada kelompok intensitas ringan (3,81+-0,41) dan kelompok kontrol (4,16+-0,74), namun kelompok intensitas ringan lebih rendah daripada kelompok kontrol. Kadar periostin (pg/mg) kelompok intensitas sedang lebih tinggi (9765,83+-738,95) daripada kelompok intensitas ringan (7461,16+-1866,42), namun kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi (10291,4150+-474,84270) dari kelompok intensitas sedang. Ukuran ketebalan,dinding ventrikel kiri (m) kelompok intensitas sedang (1149,36+-70,41) lebih rendah daripada kelompok intensitas ringan (1333,51+-69,47) dan kelompok intensitas ringan lebih rendah daripada kelompok kontrol positif (1316,68+-43,77). Secara statistik, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna jumlah sel fibroblas, kadar periostin dan ketebalan dinding ventrikel kiri dengan p>,05. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna hasil jumlah sel fibroblas, kadar periostin dan ketebalan dinding ventrikel kiri antar kelompok tikus Wistar jantan tua model penuaan induksi Galaktosa setelah diberi latihan fisik teratur dan terukur.

Background: Aging is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. In cardiac aging there is a decrease in the number of myocytes, an increase in the size of myocytes and the extracellular matrix. Heart failure in aging can be characterized by cardiac pathological hypertrophy. Physical exercise can prevent the pathological hypertrophy. 56 Objective: To examine the cardiac fibroblast cells, periostin levels and left ventricular wall thickness of aging model of male Wistar rats after physical exercise56 Method : Twenty four rats, aged 3 months (weighing 200-310 g) were divided into 4 groups: Galactose injected without exercise group (positive control), Galactose injected with light intensity exercise (45% VO2max) group, Galactose injected with moderate-intensity exercise (55% VO2max) group, saline injected group (negative control). Physical exercise using treadmill, 5 minutes of warm-up at the lowest speed, 30 min running at 45-55% 2max, 5 min recovery at the lowest speed, performed 4 times per week for 4 weeks. 300 mg/ml/kgBB Galactose and saline injection was given for 4 weeks intraperitoneally to mimetic aging. After 4 weeks of Galactose administration, the rats were acclimatized then ran on the treadmill 4x/week for 4 weeks. Furthermore, rat were killed, taken left ventricle. cardiac fibroblast cells and the thickness of the ventricular wall were measured with HE staining and analized by Kruskal- Wallis test. Measurement of periostin levels with ELISA technique and analized by one way ANOVA.56 Results: The mean number of fibroblast cells in the moderate intensity group was higher (4,95 +- 1,18) than the light intensity group (3,81 +- 0,41) and the control group (4,16 +- 0,74), but the light intensity group was lower than the control group. The moderate intensity intensity (pg / mg) of periostin (pg / mg) group was higher (9765.83 +- 738.95) than the light intensity group (7461,16 +- 1866,42), but the control group was higher (10291,4150 +- 474,84270) than the moderate intensity group. The size of the left ventricular wall thickness (m) of the moderate intensity group (1149,36 +- 70,41) was lower than the mild intensity group (1333,51 +- 69,47) and the light intensity group was lower than the positive control group (1316,68 +- 43,77). Statistically, there was no significant difference in the number of fibroblast cells, periostin levels and left ventricular wall thickness with p> 0,05.56 Conclusion: Four weeks regular exercise in aging model of male Wistar rats with Galactose induction did not enhance cardiac fibroblast cells, size of left ventricular wall thickness and periostin levels.

Kata Kunci : Tikus, Penuaan, Galaktosa, Latihan fisik, Periostin, Fibroblas, ventrikel kiri, Rat, Aging, Galactose, Exercise, Periostin, cardiac fibroblast, ventricular